C# 事件 : How to process event in a parallel manner

Question

我想以并行方式处理一个事件。我的想法是将每个回调添加到 ThreadPool，有效地让每个方法注册由 ThreadPool 处理的事件。

我的试用代码如下所示:

Delegate[] delegates = myEvent.GetInvocationList();
IAsyncResult[] results = new IAsyncResult[ delegates.Count<Delegate>() ];

for ( int i = 0; i < delegates.Count<Delegate>(); i++ )
{
    IAsyncResult result = ( ( TestDelegate )delegates[ i ] ).BeginInvoke( "BeginInvoke/EndInvoke", null, null );
    results[ i ] = result;
}

for ( int i = 0; i < delegates.Length; i++ )
{
    ( ( TestDelegate )delegates[ i ] ).EndInvoke( results[ i ] );
}

这只是为了玩玩，因为我很好奇如何去做。我相信有更好的方法来做到这一点。 我不喜欢 Func 创建一个包含 lambda 的 WaitCallback。此外，与直接调用委托(delegate)相比，DynamicInvoke 非常慢。我怀疑这种处理事件的方式是否比按顺序处理更快。

我的问题是:如何以并行方式处理事件，最好是使用 ThreadPool？

因为我通常使用 Mono，所以 .NET 4.0 或任务并行库都不是一个选项。

谢谢!

编辑: - 由于 Earwickers 的回答更正了示例。 - 更新试用代码

Answer 1

我会选择一种使用 DynamicMethod (LCG) 和状态对象的方法，该对象携带参数并跟踪调用(以便您可以等待它们完成)。

代码: 应该做这样的事情(虽然还没有经过全面测试，因此在某些情况下可能会抛出一些讨厌的异常):

/// <summary>
/// Class for dynamic parallel invoking of a MulticastDelegate.
/// (C) 2009 Arsène von Wyss, avw@gmx.ch
/// No warranties of any kind, use at your own risk. Copyright notice must be kept in the source when re-used.
/// </summary>
public static class ParallelInvoke {
    private class ParallelInvokeContext<TDelegate> where TDelegate: class {
        private static readonly DynamicMethod invoker;
        private static readonly Type[] parameterTypes;

        static ParallelInvokeContext() {
            if (!typeof(Delegate).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(TDelegate))) {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("The TDelegate type must be a delegate");
            }
            Debug.Assert(monitor_enter != null, "Could not find the method Monitor.Enter()");
            Debug.Assert(monitor_pulse != null, "Could not find the method Monitor.Pulse()");
            Debug.Assert(monitor_exit != null, "Could not find the method Monitor.Exit()");
            FieldInfo parallelInvokeContext_activeCalls = typeof(ParallelInvokeContext<TDelegate>).GetField("activeCalls", BindingFlags.Instance|BindingFlags.NonPublic);
            Debug.Assert(parallelInvokeContext_activeCalls != null, "Could not find the private field ParallelInvokeContext.activeCalls");
            FieldInfo parallelInvokeContext_arguments = typeof(ParallelInvokeContext<TDelegate>).GetField("arguments", BindingFlags.Instance|BindingFlags.NonPublic);
            Debug.Assert(parallelInvokeContext_arguments != null, "Could not find the private field ParallelInvokeContext.arguments");
            MethodInfo delegate_invoke = typeof(TDelegate).GetMethod("Invoke", BindingFlags.Instance|BindingFlags.Public);
            Debug.Assert(delegate_invoke != null, string.Format("Could not find the method {0}.Invoke()", typeof(TDelegate).FullName));
            if (delegate_invoke.ReturnType != typeof(void)) {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("The TDelegate delegate must not have a return value");
            }
            ParameterInfo[] parameters = delegate_invoke.GetParameters();
            parameterTypes = new Type[parameters.Length];
            invoker = new DynamicMethod(string.Format("Invoker<{0}>", typeof(TDelegate).FullName), typeof(void), new[] {typeof(ParallelInvokeContext<TDelegate>), typeof(object)},
                                        typeof(ParallelInvokeContext<TDelegate>), true);
            ILGenerator il = invoker.GetILGenerator();
            LocalBuilder args = (parameters.Length > 2) ? il.DeclareLocal(typeof(object[])) : null;
            bool skipLoad = false;
            il.BeginExceptionBlock();
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1); // the delegate we are going to invoke
            if (args != null) {
                Debug.Assert(args.LocalIndex == 0);
                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, parallelInvokeContext_arguments);
                il.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
                il.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_0);
                skipLoad = true;
            }
            foreach (ParameterInfo parameter in parameters) {
                if (parameter.ParameterType.IsByRef) {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("The TDelegate delegate must note have out or ref parameters");
                }
                parameterTypes[parameter.Position] = parameter.ParameterType;
                if (args == null) {
                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, parallelInvokeContext_arguments);
                } else if (skipLoad) {
                    skipLoad = false;
                } else {
                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_0);
                }
                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, parameter.Position);
                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
                if (parameter.ParameterType.IsValueType) {
                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, parameter.ParameterType);
                }
            }
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, delegate_invoke);
            il.BeginFinallyBlock();
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, monitor_enter);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, parallelInvokeContext_activeCalls);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Sub);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
            Label noPulse = il.DefineLabel();
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue, noPulse);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, parallelInvokeContext_activeCalls);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, monitor_pulse);
            Label exit = il.DefineLabel();
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Br, exit);
            il.MarkLabel(noPulse);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, parallelInvokeContext_activeCalls);
            il.MarkLabel(exit);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, monitor_exit);
            il.EndExceptionBlock();
            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
        }

        [Conditional("DEBUG")]
        private static void VerifyArgumentsDebug(object[] args) {
            for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.Length; i++) {
                if (args[i] == null) {
                    if (parameterTypes[i].IsValueType) {
                        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("The parameter {0} cannot be null, because it is a value type", i));
                    }
                } else if (!parameterTypes[i].IsAssignableFrom(args[i].GetType())) {
                    throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("The parameter {0} is not compatible", i));
                }
            }
        }

        private readonly object[] arguments;
        private readonly WaitCallback invokeCallback;
        private int activeCalls;

        public ParallelInvokeContext(object[] args) {
            if (parameterTypes.Length > 0) {
                if (args == null) {
                    throw new ArgumentNullException("args");
                }
                if (args.Length != parameterTypes.Length) {
                    throw new ArgumentException("The parameter count does not match");
                }
                VerifyArgumentsDebug(args);
                arguments = args;
            } else if ((args != null) && (args.Length > 0)) {
                throw new ArgumentException("This delegate does not expect any parameters");
            }
            invokeCallback = (WaitCallback)invoker.CreateDelegate(typeof(WaitCallback), this);
        }

        public void QueueInvoke(Delegate @delegate) {
            Debug.Assert(@delegate is TDelegate);
            activeCalls++;
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(invokeCallback, @delegate);
        }
    }

    private static readonly MethodInfo monitor_enter;
    private static readonly MethodInfo monitor_exit;
    private static readonly MethodInfo monitor_pulse;

    static ParallelInvoke() {
        monitor_enter = typeof(Monitor).GetMethod("Enter", BindingFlags.Static|BindingFlags.Public, null, new[] {typeof(object)}, null);
        monitor_pulse = typeof(Monitor).GetMethod("Pulse", BindingFlags.Static|BindingFlags.Public, null, new[] {typeof(object)}, null);
        monitor_exit = typeof(Monitor).GetMethod("Exit", BindingFlags.Static|BindingFlags.Public, null, new[] {typeof(object)}, null);
    }

    public static void Invoke<TDelegate>(TDelegate @delegate) where TDelegate: class {
        Invoke(@delegate, null);
    }

    public static void Invoke<TDelegate>(TDelegate @delegate, params object[] args) where TDelegate: class {
        if (@delegate == null) {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("delegate");
        }
        ParallelInvokeContext<TDelegate> context = new ParallelInvokeContext<TDelegate>(args);
        lock (context) {
            foreach (Delegate invocationDelegate in ((Delegate)(object)@delegate).GetInvocationList()) {
                context.QueueInvoke(invocationDelegate);
            }
            Monitor.Wait(context);
        }
    }
}

用法:

ParallelInvoke.Invoke(yourDelegate, arguments);

注意事项:

• 事件处理程序中的异常未得到处理(但 IL 代码有一个 finally 来递减计数器，因此该方法应该正确结束)，这可能会导致麻烦。也可以在 IL 代码中捕获和传输异常。

• 不执行继承以外的隐式转换(例如 int 到 double)并会抛出异常。

• 所使用的同步技术不分配操作系统等待句柄，这通常有利于提高性能。可以在 Joseph Albahari's page 上找到关于监视器工作原理的描述。 .

• 经过一些性能测试后，这种方法似乎比任何使用“ native ”BeginInvoke/EndInvoke 调用委托(delegate)的方法(至少在 MS CLR 中)都好得多。