c - 通过 Linux 套接字发送文件描述符

标签 c linux sockets file-descriptor

我试图通过 linux 套接字发送一些文件描述符，但它不起作用。我究竟做错了什么？应该如何调试这样的东西？我试着把 perror() 放在任何可能的地方，但他们声称一切都很好。这是我写的:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

void wyslij(int socket, int fd)  // send fd by socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = {0};

    char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof fd)];

    msg.msg_control = buf;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof buf;

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof fd);

    *((int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg)) = fd;

    msg.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;  // why does example from man need it? isn't it redundant?

    sendmsg(socket, &msg, 0);
}


int odbierz(int socket)  // receive fd from socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = {0};
    recvmsg(socket, &msg, 0);

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);

    unsigned char * data = CMSG_DATA(cmsg);

    int fd = *((int*) data);  // here program stops, probably with segfault

    return fd;
}


int main()
{
    int sv[2];
    socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sv);

    int pid = fork();
    if (pid > 0)  // in parent
    {
        close(sv[1]);
        int sock = sv[0];

        int fd = open("./z7.c", O_RDONLY);

        wyslij(sock, fd);

        close(fd);
    }
    else  // in child
    {
        close(sv[0]);
        int sock = sv[1];

        sleep(0.5);
        int fd = odbierz(sock);
    }

}

最佳答案

Stevens (et al) UNIX® Network Programming, Vol 1: The Sockets Networking API 在第 15 章 Unix 域协议(protocol)，特别是第 15.7 节传递描述符中描述了在进程之间传输文件描述符的过程。完整描述很繁琐，但它必须在 Unix 域套接字( AF_UNIX 或 AF_LOCAL )上完成，并且发送方进程使用 sendmsg() 而接收方使用 recvmsg() 。

我从问题中得到了这个稍微修改(和检测)的代码版本，可以在带有 GCC 4.9.1 的 Mac OS X 10.10.1 Yosemite 上为我工作:

#include "stderr.h"
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

static
void wyslij(int socket, int fd)  // send fd by socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = { 0 };
    char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd))];
    memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
    struct iovec io = { .iov_base = "ABC", .iov_len = 3 };

    msg.msg_iov = &io;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
    msg.msg_control = buf;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(buf);

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(fd));

    *((int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg)) = fd;

    msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd));

    if (sendmsg(socket, &msg, 0) < 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to send message\n");
}

static
int odbierz(int socket)  // receive fd from socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = {0};

    char m_buffer[256];
    struct iovec io = { .iov_base = m_buffer, .iov_len = sizeof(m_buffer) };
    msg.msg_iov = &io;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

    char c_buffer[256];
    msg.msg_control = c_buffer;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(c_buffer);

    if (recvmsg(socket, &msg, 0) < 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to receive message\n");

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);

    unsigned char * data = CMSG_DATA(cmsg);

    err_remark("About to extract fd\n");
    int fd = *((int*) data);
    err_remark("Extracted fd %d\n", fd);

    return fd;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename = "./z7.c";

    err_setarg0(argv[0]);
    err_setlogopts(ERR_PID);
    if (argc > 1)
        filename = argv[1];
    int sv[2];
    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sv) != 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to create Unix-domain socket pair\n");

    int pid = fork();
    if (pid > 0)  // in parent
    {
        err_remark("Parent at work\n");
        close(sv[1]);
        int sock = sv[0];

        int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0)
            err_syserr("Failed to open file %s for reading\n", filename);

        wyslij(sock, fd);

        close(fd);
        nanosleep(&(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 1, .tv_nsec = 500000000}, 0);
        err_remark("Parent exits\n");
    }
    else  // in child
    {
        err_remark("Child at play\n");
        close(sv[0]);
        int sock = sv[1];

        nanosleep(&(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 500000000}, 0);

        int fd = odbierz(sock);
        printf("Read %d!\n", fd);
        char buffer[256];
        ssize_t nbytes;
        while ((nbytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) > 0)
            write(1, buffer, nbytes);
        printf("Done!\n");
        close(fd);
    }
    return 0;
}

原始代码的检测但未固定版本的输出是:

$ ./fd-passing
fd-passing: pid=1391: Parent at work
fd-passing: pid=1391: Failed to send message
error (40) Message too long
fd-passing: pid=1392: Child at play
$ fd-passing: pid=1392: Failed to receive message
error (40) Message too long

注意父级在子级之前完成，所以提示出现在输出的中间。

“固定”代码的输出是:

$ ./fd-passing
fd-passing: pid=1046: Parent at work
fd-passing: pid=1048: Child at play
fd-passing: pid=1048: About to extract fd
fd-passing: pid=1048: Extracted fd 3
Read 3!
This is the file z7.c.
It isn't very interesting.
It isn't even C code.
But it is used by the fd-passing program to demonstrate that file
descriptors can indeed be passed between sockets on occasion.
Done!
fd-passing: pid=1046: Parent exits
$

主要的重大变化是将 struct iovec 添加到两个函数中 struct msghdr 中的数据，并在接收函数 (odbierz()) 中为控制消息提供空间。我报告了调试的中间步骤，我向父级提供了 struct iovec，并且删除了父级的“消息太长”错误。为了证明它正在工作(传递了文件描述符)，我添加了代码来从传递的文件描述符读取和打印文件。原始代码有 sleep(0.5) 但由于 sleep() 采用无符号整数，这相当于不 sleep 。我使用 C99 复合文字让 child 睡了 0.5 秒。父级休眠 1.5 秒，以便在父级退出之前子级的输出完成。我也可以使用 wait() 或 waitpid()，但我懒得这样做。

我没有回去检查所有的添加都是必要的。
"stderr.h" header 声​​明了 err_*() 函数。这是我写的代码(1987 年之前的第一个版本)，用于简洁地报告错误。 err_setlogopts(ERR_PID) 调用为所有消息添加了 PID 前缀。对于时间戳，err_setlogopts(ERR_PID|ERR_STAMP) 也可以完成这项工作。

对齐问题

Nominal Animal 在 comment 中建议:

May I suggest you modify the code to copy the descriptor int using memcpy() instead of accessing the data directly? It is not necessarily correctly aligned — which is why the man page example also uses memcpy() — and there are many Linux architectures where unaligned int access causes problems (up to SIGBUS signal killing the process).



不仅是 Linux 架构:SPARC 和 Power 都需要对齐的数据，并且通常分别运行 Solaris 和 AIX。曾几何时，DEC Alpha 也要求这样做，但这些天他们很少出现在现场。

与此相关的手册页 cmsg(3) 中的代码是:

struct msghdr msg = {0};
struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
int myfds[NUM_FD]; /* Contains the file descriptors to pass. */
char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof myfds)];  /* ancillary data buffer */
int *fdptr;

msg.msg_control = buf;
msg.msg_controllen = sizeof buf;
cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int) * NUM_FD);
/* Initialize the payload: */
fdptr = (int *) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
memcpy(fdptr, myfds, NUM_FD * sizeof(int));
/* Sum of the length of all control messages in the buffer: */
msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * NUM_FD);

对 fdptr 的分配似乎假设 CMSG_DATA(cmsg) 对齐得足够好，可以转换为 int * 并且使用 memcpy() 的假设是 NUM_FD 不只是 1。如此说来，应该是 104 和 74 数组这可能没有像 Nominal Animal 建议的那样充分对齐，所以在我看来 buf 只是一个闯入者，如果使用这个例子会更好:

memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), myfds, NUM_FD * sizeof(int));

然后接收端的相反过程将是合适的。这个程序只传递一个文件描述符，所以代码可以修改为:

memmove(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(fd));  // Send
memmove(&fd, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(fd));  // Receive

I also seem to recall historical issues on various OSes w.r.t. ancillary data with no normal payload data, avoided by sending at least one dummy byte too, but I cannot find any references to verify, so I might remember wrong.



鉴于 Mac OS X(基于 Darwin/BSD)至少需要一个 fdptr ，即使它描述的是零长度消息，我也愿意相信上面显示的代码，其中包括一个 3 字节的消息，是朝着正确的总体方向迈出的良好一步。消息可能应该是单个空字节而不是 3 个字母。

我已将代码修改为如下所示。它使用 struct iovec 将文件描述符复制到 memmove() 缓冲区和从 cmsg 缓冲区复制。它传输单个消息字节，这是一个空字节。

它还让父进程在将文件描述符传递给子进程之前读取(最多)32 个字节的文件。 child 从 parent 停下的地方继续阅读。这表明传输的文件描述符包括文件偏移量。

在将 cmsg 视为文件描述符传递消息之前，接收方应该对其进行更多验证。

#include "stderr.h"
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

static
void wyslij(int socket, int fd)  // send fd by socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = { 0 };
    char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd))];
    memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));

    /* On Mac OS X, the struct iovec is needed, even if it points to minimal data */
    struct iovec io = { .iov_base = "", .iov_len = 1 };

    msg.msg_iov = &io;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
    msg.msg_control = buf;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(buf);

    struct cmsghdr * cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(fd));

    memmove(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(fd));

    msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd));

    if (sendmsg(socket, &msg, 0) < 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to send message\n");
}

static
int odbierz(int socket)  // receive fd from socket
{
    struct msghdr msg = {0};

    /* On Mac OS X, the struct iovec is needed, even if it points to minimal data */
    char m_buffer[1];
    struct iovec io = { .iov_base = m_buffer, .iov_len = sizeof(m_buffer) };
    msg.msg_iov = &io;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

    char c_buffer[256];
    msg.msg_control = c_buffer;
    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(c_buffer);

    if (recvmsg(socket, &msg, 0) < 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to receive message\n");

    struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);

    err_remark("About to extract fd\n");
    int fd;
    memmove(&fd, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(fd));
    err_remark("Extracted fd %d\n", fd);

    return fd;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename = "./z7.c";

    err_setarg0(argv[0]);
    err_setlogopts(ERR_PID);
    if (argc > 1)
        filename = argv[1];
    int sv[2];
    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sv) != 0)
        err_syserr("Failed to create Unix-domain socket pair\n");

    int pid = fork();
    if (pid > 0)  // in parent
    {
        err_remark("Parent at work\n");
        close(sv[1]);
        int sock = sv[0];

        int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0)
            err_syserr("Failed to open file %s for reading\n", filename);

        /* Read some data to demonstrate that file offset is passed */
        char buffer[32];
        int nbytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
        if (nbytes > 0)
            err_remark("Parent read: [[%.*s]]\n", nbytes, buffer);

        wyslij(sock, fd);

        close(fd);
        nanosleep(&(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 1, .tv_nsec = 500000000}, 0);
        err_remark("Parent exits\n");
    }
    else  // in child
    {
        err_remark("Child at play\n");
        close(sv[0]);
        int sock = sv[1];

        nanosleep(&(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 500000000}, 0);

        int fd = odbierz(sock);
        printf("Read %d!\n", fd);
        char buffer[256];
        ssize_t nbytes;
        while ((nbytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) > 0)
            write(1, buffer, nbytes);
        printf("Done!\n");
        close(fd);
    }
    return 0;
}

和一个示例运行:

$ ./fd-passing
fd-passing: pid=8000: Parent at work
fd-passing: pid=8000: Parent read: [[This is the file z7.c.
It isn't ]]
fd-passing: pid=8001: Child at play
fd-passing: pid=8001: About to extract fd
fd-passing: pid=8001: Extracted fd 3
Read 3!
very interesting.
It isn't even C code.
But it is used by the fd-passing program to demonstrate that file
descriptors can indeed be passed between sockets on occasion.
And, with the fully working code, it does indeed seem to work.
Extended testing would have the parent code read part of the file, and
then demonstrate that the child codecontinues where the parent left off.
That has not been coded, though.
Done!
fd-passing: pid=8000: Parent exits
$

关于c - 通过 Linux 套接字发送文件描述符，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28003921/

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