git - 为什么学习练习会警告 git commit -am 不足以将我的新 .g​​itignore 添加到存储库，即使 git 明确添加了它？

Question

我正在学习git，来到this exercise :

Commit the .gitignore file to your repository. Hint: Running git commit -am isn’t enough. Why not?

我已经完成了git commit -am，这似乎已经足够了。

michael@michael:~/repos/website$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

    deleted:    breaching_whale.jpg

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    .gitignore

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
michael@michael:~/repos/website$ git add .
michael@michael:~/repos/website$ ls
images  index.html  README.md
michael@michael:~/repos/website$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   .gitignore
    deleted:    breaching_whale.jpg

michael@michael:~/repos/website$ git commit -am "Add gitignore"
[master e7cc08c] Add gitignore
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore
 delete mode 100644 breaching_whale.jpg
michael@michael:~/repos/website$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
nothing to commit, working directory clean

您能否推测我做错了什么，并帮助我理解教程中的含义以及为什么 git commit -am 还不够？

Answer 1

这并不是您做错了什么。 git commit -am 将所有跟踪的文件添加到提交中，并将消息作为参数提供给 m。在此命令之前，您已经(可能自动)执行了 git add . ，该命令还将未跟踪的文件从当前目录添加到提交中。

为了清楚起见，跟踪文件是 Git 已经在监视更改的文件，而未跟踪文件是 Git 可以看到存在但没有历史记录的文件。仅单独运行 git commit -a 不会将新文件添加到存储库，而只是将更改提交到 Git 已经知道的文件。