linux - ld 找不到现有的库

Question

我正在编译一个 fortran 代码，需要安装在本地目录中的 hdf5 库。这是我的 Makefile:

FC = gfortran
FCFLAGS = -g -fcheck=all -Wall -fdefault-real-8
INCLUDES = -I/home/bharat/hdf5/include
LFLAGS = -L/home/bharat/hdf5/lib
LIBS= -lhdf5_fortran

main: main.o param.o dmotifs.o ssa.o
    $(FC) $(LFLAGS) $(LIBS) -o main $^

param.o: param.f90
    $(FC) $(FCFLAGS) -c $<

dmotifs.o: dmotifs.f90 param.o
    $(FC) $(FCFLAGS) -c $<

ssa.o: ssa.f90 dmotifs.o
    $(FC) $(FCFLAGS) -c $<

main.o: main.f90 param.o dmotifs.o ssa.o
    $(FC) $(FCFLAGS) -c $(INCLUDES) $<

clean:
    rm -f *.o *.mod *.MOD

在链接期间我收到此错误:

/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:142: undefined reference to `__h5lib_MOD_h5open_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:143: undefined reference to `__h5f_MOD_h5fcreate_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:144: undefined reference to `__h5s_MOD_h5screate_simple_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:145: undefined reference to `__h5d_MOD_h5dcreate_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:158: undefined reference to `__h5d_provisional_MOD_h5dwrite_integer_3'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:147: undefined reference to `__h5d_MOD_h5dclose_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:148: undefined reference to `__h5s_MOD_h5sclose_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:149: undefined reference to `__h5s_MOD_h5screate_simple_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:150: undefined reference to `__h5d_MOD_h5dcreate_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:158: undefined reference to `__h5_dble_interface_MOD_h5dwrite_double_2'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:154: undefined reference to `__h5d_MOD_h5dclose_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:155: undefined reference to `__h5s_MOD_h5sclose_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:156: undefined reference to `__h5f_MOD_h5fclose_f'
/home/bharat/stochastic/main.f90:157: undefined reference to `__h5lib_MOD_h5close_f'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [main] Error 1

当未指定 hdf-fortran 库 libhdf5-fortran 时，通常会发生这种情况。我确保符号链接(symbolic link)指向正确的位置。将 rpath 添加到同一 lib 目录也不能解决问题。库和符号链接(symbolic link)具有读取和执行权限。我看不出问题出在哪里。

-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   5752246 May 23 03:24 libhdf5.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    431820 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_fortran.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root      1035 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_fortran.la*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root        25 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_fortran.so -> libhdf5_fortran.so.10.0.0*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root        25 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_fortran.so.10 -> libhdf5_fortran.so.10.0.0*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root    355600 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_fortran.so.10.0.0*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    211088 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_hl.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    150528 May 23 03:24 libhdf5hl_fortran.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root      1126 May 23 03:24 libhdf5hl_fortran.la*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root        27 May 23 03:24 libhdf5hl_fortran.so -> libhdf5hl_fortran.so.10.0.0*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root        27 May 23 03:24 libhdf5hl_fortran.so.10 -> libhdf5hl_fortran.so.10.0.0*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root    112246 May 23 03:24 libhdf5hl_fortran.so.10.0.0*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root      1000 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_hl.la*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root        20 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_hl.so -> libhdf5_hl.so.10.0.0*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root        20 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_hl.so.10 -> libhdf5_hl.so.10.0.0*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root    148227 May 23 03:24 libhdf5_hl.so.10.0.0*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       946 May 23 03:24 libhdf5.la*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      3266 May 23 03:24 libhdf5.settings
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root        17 May 23 03:24 libhdf5.so -> libhdf5.so.10.0.0*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root   root        17 May 23 03:24 libhdf5.so.10 -> libhdf5.so.10.0.0*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root   3133678 May 23 03:24 libhdf5.so.10.0.0*

这在 -libhdf5_fortran 位于 /lib64 的其他两个系统中运行良好(因此我不必指定库路径)；这些系统中的 gfortran 版本是 (RH) 4.8.3，ld 版本是 2.23.2。
当前系统中gfortran是4.7.2(ubuntu)，ld是2.22.90。 我不认为这是过时版本的问题。

Answer 1

你应该尝试

main: main.o param.o dmotifs.o ssa.o
    $(FC) $^ $(LFLAGS) $(LIBS) -o main 

而不是

main: main.o param.o dmotifs.o ssa.o
    $(FC) $(LFLAGS) $(LIBS) -o main $^

因为链接器标志应该放在最后，否则它将默默地丢弃库，因为在处理标志时没有未解析的符号。