我在 Linux 系统上遇到 Perl 问题。
安装新模块时(以 root 身份)，我偶尔会遇到以普通用户身份运行脚本的问题，如果不手动进入并 chmod 775'ing 模块相关文件和目录，我将无法访问新模块.
我最近执行了 CPAN 升级，并为一个新项目安装了几个模块。现在，由于似乎与权限无关的错误，普通用户几乎无法使用 Perl。
例如，以下非常简单的脚本以 root 用户身份运行良好，但以普通用户身份运行时返回错误:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Scalar::Util;
如您所见，脚本实际上除了尝试加载 Scalar::Util 模块外什么也没做。作为普通用户，它返回此错误:
**List::Util object version 1.21 does not match bootstrap parameter 1.42 at /usr/lib64/perl5/DynaLoader.pm line 223.
Compilation failed in require at /usr/local/lib64/perl5/Scalar/Util.pm line 22.
Compilation failed in require at ./scalar-test.pl line 4.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at ./scalar-test.pl line 4**
当我sudo cpan 并尝试安装 List::Util 时，我得到了: List::Util 是最新的 (1.42)。
澄清: 这发生在多个模块中，而不仅仅是一个示例。它似乎并没有影响每个升级的模块；虽然有几个。
root 可以运行脚本的事实告诉我，要么存在另一个我没有看到的潜在权限问题，要么 root 的 PERL 配置在某种程度上与我的常规帐户略有不同，这导致它无法运行找到这个模块。
搜索 List.pm 文件返回:
» sudo find / -name List.pm
/usr/share/perl5/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
/opt/OV/nonOV/perl/a/lib/5.8.8/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
/root/.cpan/build/perl-5.22.1-D0_eFO/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
» ls -l /usr/share/perl5/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28826 Nov 6 2014 /usr/share/perl5/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
» ls -l /opt/OV/nonOV/perl/a/lib/5.8.8/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
-r--r--r-- 1 bin bin 28826 Nov 30 2012 /opt/OV/nonOV/perl/a/lib/5.8.8/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
» sudo ls -l /root/.cpan/build/perl-5.22.1-D0_eFO/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
-r--r--r-- 1 1018 513 28826 Oct 17 08:32 /root/.cpan/build/perl-5.22.1-D0_eFO/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags/List.pm
系统是 RHEL 6.6 x64，Perl 是 v5.10.1
**» type perl**
perl is hashed (/usr/bin/perl)
**» which perl**
/usr/bin/perl
**» sudo type perl**
sudo: type: command not found
**» sudo which perl**
/usr/bin/perl
**» echo ${!PERL*}**
[Nothing Returned]
**» sudo echo ${!PERL*}**
[Nothing Returned]
**» perl -wle 'print join("\n", @INC)'**
/usr/local/lib64/perl5
/usr/local/share/perl5
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/lib64/perl5
/usr/share/perl5
[run with sudo returns identical list]
[Edited for brevity]
cpan[1]> o conf
$CPAN::Config options from /usr/share/perl5/CPAN/Config.pm:
build_dir [/root/.cpan/build]
build_dir_reuse [0]
build_requires_install_policy [ask/yes]
connect_to_internet_ok [1]
cpan_home [/root/.cpan]
keep_source_where [/root/.cpan/sources]
make [/usr/bin/make]
make_install_make_command [/usr/bin/make]
makepl_arg [INSTALLDIRS=site]
prefer_installer [MB]
prefs_dir [/root/.cpan/prefs]
我从其他用户的文件夹中删除了几行
» sudo find / -name Util.pm | grep "List/Util.pm"
/usr/lib64/perl5/List/Util.pm
/usr/local/lib64/perl5/List/Util.pm
/home/{USERNAME REDACTED}/.cpanm/work/1448660183.31550/ExtUtils-MakeMaker-7.10/bundled/Scalar-List-Utils/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Scalar-List-Utils-1.42-2c3ONp/lib/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Scalar-List-Utils-1.42-2c3ONp/blib/lib/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Scalar-List-Utils-1.42-NOwU0A/lib/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Scalar-List-Utils-1.42-NOwU0A/blib/lib/List/Util.pm
/root/.cpan/build/perl-5.22.1-D0_eFO/cpan/Scalar-List-Utils/lib/List/Util.pm
应 brian d foy 的要求，我安装了一个新模块。这个模块 Config::Onion 以前没有安装，所以没有什么旧的冲突。模块安装正常，但我创建了一个 onion-test.pl 脚本，与上面相同，它有同样的问题，它只以根用户身份加载模块。
» sudo perl -MConfig::Onion -e 'print "Module: " . $ARGV[0] . "\nVersion: " . $ARGV[0]->VERSION . "\n\n"' Config::Onion
Can't locate Config/Onion.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .).
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted.
» sudo cpan
Terminal does not support AddHistory.
cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.10)
Enter 'h' for help.
cpan[1]> install Config::Onion
[Redacted for brevity. No errors noted during this process.]
Result: PASS
DSHEROH/Config-Onion-1.004.tar.gz
/usr/bin/make test -- OK
Running make install
Prepending /root/.cpan/build/Config-Onion-1.004-TigyuT/blib/arch /root/.cpan/build/Config-Onion-1.004-TigyuT/blib/lib to PERL5LIB for 'install'
Manifying 2 pod documents
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion/Simple.pm
Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/Config::Onion.3pm
Installing /usr/local/share/man/man3/Config::Onion::Simple.3pm
Appending installation info to /usr/lib64/perl5/perllocal.pod
DSHEROH/Config-Onion-1.004.tar.gz
/usr/bin/make install -- OK
» cd /usr/local/share/perl5/Config
» sudo ls -l Onion
total 4
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1856 May 9 2014 Simple.pm
» sudo find / -name Onion.pm
/usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Config-Onion-1.004-TigyuT/lib/Config/Onion.pm
/root/.cpan/build/Config-Onion-1.004-TigyuT/blib/lib/Config/Onion.pm
onion-test.pl:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Config::Onion;
» ./onion-test.pl
Can't locate Hash/Merge/Simple.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/local/lib64/perl5 /usr/local/share/perl5 /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5 /usr/share/perl5 .) at /usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion.pm line 9.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/share/perl5/Config/Onion.pm line 9.
Compilation failed in require at ./onion-test.pl line 29.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at ./onion-test.pl line 29.
» sudo ./onion-test.pl
[No Errors]
Per Ikegami，我运行了这个命令:
sudo chmod -R go+rX \
/usr/local/lib64/perl5 \
/usr/local/share/perl5 \
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl \
/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl \
/usr/lib64/perl5 \
/usr/share/perl5
我的两个测试脚本，Scalar::Util 和 Config::Onion 都在加载模块时没有错误。我认为他的解决方案是解决我遇到的问题的正确解决方案，并且我已相应地对其进行了标记。感谢大家的研究，感谢 Ikegami 找到了解决方案。
最佳答案
List/Util/Util.so可能存在两次
/usr/local/lib64/perl5
/usr/local/share/perl5
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl
/usr/lib64/perl5
/usr/share/perl5
它们是不同的版本。较新的只能由 root 访问。如果这是问题，将使用
解决chmod -R go+rX \
/usr/local/lib64/perl5 \
/usr/local/share/perl5 \
/usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl \
/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl \
/usr/lib64/perl5 \
/usr/share/perl5
关于以非 root 用户身份运行时 Perl 模块无法正确加载，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35040323/