java - 如何制作 Javafx 图像裁剪应用

Question

我正在为我的同事构建一个裁剪图像的应用程序。 我将 FXML 与 Scene Builder 结合使用来构建 GUI。用户单击一个按钮从他的计算机中选择一个图像。然后，图像显示在 GUI 中。用户可以在 Pane 中缩放和移动。最后，点击一个按钮将编辑好的图像保存到他的电脑上。

但是，我真的不知道我应该用什么库来构建应用程序。
这是我第一次处理图形。我不知道如何读取图像、裁剪图像和写入图像。 Javafx Canvas对于 Pane？

除了 java 文档之外，还有什么好的资源可以阅读以了解我如何做到这一点？

Answer 1

您的问题太多，无法在 StackOverflow 上得到解答。我建议您先阅读 official Oracle documentation about JavaFX .

但是，由于这是一个有趣的话题，这里是代码中的答案。

您需要考虑几件事情:

• 使用 ImageView 作为容器
• 如果图像较大，请使用 ScrollPane
• 提供选择机制
• 裁剪图片本身
• 将图像保存到文件，提供文件选择器对话框

差不多就这些了。在下面的示例中，使用鼠标左键进行选择，使用鼠标右键进行裁剪上下文菜单，然后在选择范围内拍摄 ImageView 节点的快照，然后将图像保存到文件中。

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.embed.swing.SwingFXUtils;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Bounds;
import javafx.geometry.Rectangle2D;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.SnapshotParameters;
import javafx.scene.control.ContextMenu;
import javafx.scene.control.MenuItem;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.image.WritableImage;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.scene.shape.StrokeLineCap;
import javafx.stage.FileChooser;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;


/**
 * Load image, provide rectangle for rubberband selection. Press right mouse button for "crop" context menu which then crops the image at the selection rectangle and saves it as jpg.
 */
public class ImageCropWithRubberBand extends Application {

    RubberBandSelection rubberBandSelection;
    ImageView imageView;

    Stage primaryStage;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {

        this.primaryStage = primaryStage;

        primaryStage.setTitle("Image Crop");

        BorderPane root = new BorderPane();

        // container for image layers
        ScrollPane scrollPane = new ScrollPane();

        // image layer: a group of images
        Group imageLayer = new Group(); 

        // load the image
//      Image image = new Image( getClass().getResource( "cat.jpg").toExternalForm());
        Image image = new Image("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gatto_europeo4.jpg/1024px-Gatto_europeo4.jpg");

        // the container for the image as a javafx node
        imageView = new ImageView( image);

        // add image to layer
        imageLayer.getChildren().add( imageView);

        // use scrollpane for image view in case the image is large
        scrollPane.setContent(imageLayer);

        // put scrollpane in scene
        root.setCenter(scrollPane);

        // rubberband selection
        rubberBandSelection = new RubberBandSelection(imageLayer);

        // create context menu and menu items
        ContextMenu contextMenu = new ContextMenu();

        MenuItem cropMenuItem = new MenuItem("Crop");
        cropMenuItem.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
            public void handle(ActionEvent e) {

                // get bounds for image crop
                Bounds selectionBounds = rubberBandSelection.getBounds();

                // show bounds info
                System.out.println( "Selected area: " + selectionBounds);

                // crop the image
                crop( selectionBounds);

            }
        });
        contextMenu.getItems().add( cropMenuItem);

        // set context menu on image layer
        imageLayer.setOnMousePressed(new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
            @Override
            public void handle(MouseEvent event) {
                if (event.isSecondaryButtonDown()) {
                    contextMenu.show(imageLayer, event.getScreenX(), event.getScreenY());
                }
            }
        });

        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 1024, 768));
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    private void crop( Bounds bounds) {

        FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();
        fileChooser.setTitle("Save Image");

        File file = fileChooser.showSaveDialog( primaryStage);
        if (file == null)
            return;

        int width = (int) bounds.getWidth();
        int height = (int) bounds.getHeight();

        SnapshotParameters parameters = new SnapshotParameters();
        parameters.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
        parameters.setViewport(new Rectangle2D( bounds.getMinX(), bounds.getMinY(), width, height));

        WritableImage wi = new WritableImage( width, height);
        imageView.snapshot(parameters, wi);

        // save image 
        // !!! has bug because of transparency (use approach below) !!!
        // --------------------------------
//        try {
//          ImageIO.write(SwingFXUtils.fromFXImage( wi, null), "jpg", file);
//      } catch (IOException e) {
//          e.printStackTrace();
//      }


        // save image (without alpha)
        // --------------------------------
        BufferedImage bufImageARGB = SwingFXUtils.fromFXImage(wi, null);
        BufferedImage bufImageRGB = new BufferedImage(bufImageARGB.getWidth(), bufImageARGB.getHeight(), BufferedImage.OPAQUE);

        Graphics2D graphics = bufImageRGB.createGraphics();
        graphics.drawImage(bufImageARGB, 0, 0, null);

        try {

            ImageIO.write(bufImageRGB, "jpg", file); 

            System.out.println( "Image saved to " + file.getAbsolutePath());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        graphics.dispose();

    }

    /**
     * Drag rectangle with mouse cursor in order to get selection bounds
     */
    public static class RubberBandSelection {

        final DragContext dragContext = new DragContext();
        Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();

        Group group;


        public Bounds getBounds() {
            return rect.getBoundsInParent();
        }

        public RubberBandSelection( Group group) {

            this.group = group;

            rect = new Rectangle( 0,0,0,0);
            rect.setStroke(Color.BLUE);
            rect.setStrokeWidth(1);
            rect.setStrokeLineCap(StrokeLineCap.ROUND);
            rect.setFill(Color.LIGHTBLUE.deriveColor(0, 1.2, 1, 0.6));

            group.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_PRESSED, onMousePressedEventHandler);
            group.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DRAGGED, onMouseDraggedEventHandler);
            group.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_RELEASED, onMouseReleasedEventHandler);

        }

        EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMousePressedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {

            @Override
            public void handle(MouseEvent event) {

                if( event.isSecondaryButtonDown())
                    return;

                // remove old rect
                rect.setX(0);
                rect.setY(0);
                rect.setWidth(0);
                rect.setHeight(0);

                group.getChildren().remove( rect);


                // prepare new drag operation
                dragContext.mouseAnchorX = event.getX();
                dragContext.mouseAnchorY = event.getY();

                rect.setX(dragContext.mouseAnchorX);
                rect.setY(dragContext.mouseAnchorY);
                rect.setWidth(0);
                rect.setHeight(0);

                group.getChildren().add( rect);

            }
        };

        EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMouseDraggedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {

            @Override
            public void handle(MouseEvent event) {

                if( event.isSecondaryButtonDown())
                    return;

                double offsetX = event.getX() - dragContext.mouseAnchorX;
                double offsetY = event.getY() - dragContext.mouseAnchorY;

                if( offsetX > 0)
                    rect.setWidth( offsetX);
                else {
                    rect.setX(event.getX());
                    rect.setWidth(dragContext.mouseAnchorX - rect.getX());
                }

                if( offsetY > 0) {
                    rect.setHeight( offsetY);
                } else {
                    rect.setY(event.getY());
                    rect.setHeight(dragContext.mouseAnchorY - rect.getY());
                }
            }
        };


        EventHandler<MouseEvent> onMouseReleasedEventHandler = new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {

            @Override
            public void handle(MouseEvent event) {

                if( event.isSecondaryButtonDown())
                    return;

                // remove rectangle
                // note: we want to keep the ruuberband selection for the cropping => code is just commented out
                /*
                rect.setX(0);
                rect.setY(0);
                rect.setWidth(0);
                rect.setHeight(0);

                group.getChildren().remove( rect);
                */

            }
        };
        private static final class DragContext {

            public double mouseAnchorX;
            public double mouseAnchorY;


        }
    }
}

截图:

裁剪后的图片: