java - NoClassDefFoundError 错误代码

Question

我正尝试在我的 Spring Boot 应用程序中运行 JUnit 测试，但我收到如下所示的 NoClassDefFoundError。

spring-boot-starter-parent 和 spring-boot-starter-test (v2.0.5.RELEASE) 都在 pom.xml 文件中。我也添加了 spring-core (v5.0.9.RELEASE)。

显然，从 4.3.6 开始，ErrorCoded 类已被弃用，因此我不确定如何找出测试运行器(或其他库)仍在尝试加载此类的原因。

这是我的测试类:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class SystemBuilderTest {
    
    private System system;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        StatefulConnection conn = new StatefulConnection.Builder(null)
                .build();
        
        Device d1 = new SensingDevice.Builder("sensor1", conn)
                .build();
        
        system = new System.SystemBuilder("testSystem")
                .addChildDevice(d1)
                .build();
        
        system.initialize();
    }

    @Test
    public void testStart() throws DCFDeviceException {
        system.start();
        assertTrue(system.getName().equals("testSystem"));
        assertTrue(system.getChildDevices().size() == 1);
        assertTrue(system.getChildDevices().iterator().next().getName().equals("sensor1"));
        
    }
} 

...和堆栈跟踪:

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/core/ErrorCoded
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1007)
    at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:174)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.defineClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:801)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.findClassOnClassPathOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:699)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClassOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:622)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:580)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:185)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:496)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1007)
    at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:174)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.defineClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:801)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.findClassOnClassPathOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:699)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClassOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:622)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:580)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:185)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:496)
    at org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext.<init>(GenericApplicationContext.java:110)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:115)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:275)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:251)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:538)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:760)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:206)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.core.ErrorCoded
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:582)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:185)
    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:496)
    ... 50 common frames omitted

Answer 1

您的构建中的某些东西正在引入对 spring-test 4.3.x 的依赖(不确定是什么次要版本，但它不应该是相关的。)

我之所以这样说，是因为堆栈跟踪中的行号与 5.x 版本中的 SpringJUnit4ClassRunner 类中的行号不对齐。

来自您的堆栈跟踪:

at o.s.t.c.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)

这表明在第 227 行应该调用 createTest。方法。你可以在 4.3.x branch version 中看到这是真的这个类的。

但是在5.0.x branch version ，第 227 行是对 getTestContextManager().prepareTestInstance(testInstance); 的调用.

这是非常确定的。因此，如果您的 IDE 告诉您其他方式(如您在另一条评论中指出的那样)，那是错误的。或者，如果 IDE 支持该功能，您可能需要对项目进行“清理”。

由于您没有发布完整的 pom，因此无法告诉您是什么引入了旧的依赖项。但是，您应该能够通过使用 Maven 依赖插件来解决这个问题:

mvn dependency:tree

此命令将以树形式打印依赖层次结构。我建议将输出重定向到文件并为 spring-test 进行 grepping。这将允许您识别有问题的依赖项并使用 maven <exclusion>禁止有问题的依赖。