java - 同步块(synchronized block)是否会触发数组的完整内存栅栏？

Question

我对在 Java 中的线程之间安全地共享数组感到困惑，特别是内存栅栏和关键字 synchronized。

此问答很有帮助，但并未回答我的所有问题:Java arrays: synchronized + Atomic*, or synchronized suffices?

以下是演示该问题的示例代码。假设有一个工作线程池通过方法 add(...) 填充 SharedTable。所有工作线程完成后，最后一个线程读取并保存数据。

演示问题的示例代码:

public final class SharedTable {

    // Column-oriented data entries
    private final String[] data1Arr;
    private final int[] data2Arr;
    private final long[] data3Arr;
    private final AtomicInteger nextIndex;

    public SharedTable(int size) {
        this.data1Arr = new String[size];
        this.data2Arr = new int[size];
        this.data3Arr = new long[size];
        this.nextIndex = new AtomicInteger(0);
    }

    // Thread-safe: Called by worker threads
    public void addEntry(String data1, int data2, long data3) {
        final int index = nextIndex.getAndIncrement();
        data1Arr[index] = data1;
        data2Arr[index] = data2;
        data3Arr[index] = data3;
    }

    // Not thread-safe: Called by clean-up/joiner/collator thread...
    // after worker threads are complete
    public void save() {
        // Does this induce a full memory fence to ensure thread-safe reading of 
        synchronized (this) {
            final int usedSide = nextIndex.get();
            for (int i = 0; i < usedSide; ++i) {
                final String data1 = data1Arr[i];
                final int    data2 = data2Arr[i];
                final long   data3 = data3Arr[i];
                // TODO: Save data here
            }
        }
    }
}

上面的示例代码也可以使用 Atomic*Array 实现，它充当“可变值/引用数组”。

public final class SharedTable2 {

    // Column-oriented data entries
    private final AtomicReferenceArray<String> data1Arr;
    private final AtomicIntegerArray  data2Arr;
    private final AtomicLongArray data3Arr;
    private final AtomicInteger nextIndex;

    public SharedTable2(int size) { ... }

    // Thread-safe: Called by worker threads
    public void addEntry(String data1, int data2, long data3) {
        final int index = nextIndex.getAndIncrement();
        data1Arr.set(index, data1);
        ...
    }

    // Not thread-safe: Called by clean-up/joiner/collator thread...
    // after worker threads are complete
    public void save() {
        final int usedSide = nextIndex.get();
        for (int i = 0; i < usedSide; ++i) {
            final String data1 = data1Arr.get(i);
            final int    data2 = data2Arr.get(i);
            final long   data3 = data3Arr.get(i);
            // TODO: Save data here
        }
    }
}

1. SharedTable 是线程安全的(和缓存一致的)吗？
2. SharedTable(很多？)是否更高效，因为只需要一个内存栅栏，而 SharedTable2 会在每次调用 Atomic*Array 时调用一个内存栅栏.set(...)?

如果有帮助，我正在 64 位 x86 硬件(Windows 和 Linux)上使用 Java 8。

Answer 1

不，SharedTable 不是线程安全的。仅当您从同步块(synchronized block)中读取已使用相同锁从同步块(synchronized block)中写入的内容时，才会保证发生之前发生。

由于写入是在同步块(synchronized block)中进行的，因此 JMM 不保证读取线程可以看到写入。