java - Spring Error Controller 响应 Not Acceptable

Question

我已经构建了一个错误 Controller ，它应该是在我的 Spring REST 服务中捕获异常的“最后一行”。但是，我似乎无法将 POJO 作为响应类型返回。为什么 Jackson 不为这个案子工作？

我的类(class)看起来像:

@RestController
public class CustomErrorController implements ErrorController
{
  private static final String PATH = "/error";

  @Override
  public String getErrorPath()
  {
     return PATH;
  }


  @RequestMapping (value = PATH)
  public ResponseEntity<WebErrorResponse> handleError(HttpStatus status, HttpServletRequest request)
  {
     WebErrorResponse response = new WebErrorResponse();

    // original requested URI
    String uri = String.valueOf(request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.FORWARD_REQUEST_URI));
    // status code
    String code = String.valueOf(request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_STATUS_CODE));
    // status message
    String msg = String.valueOf(request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_MESSAGE));

    response.title = "Internal Server Error";
    response.type = request.getMethod() + ": " + uri;
    response.code = Integer.valueOf(code);
    response.message = msg;

    // build headers
    HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

    headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);

    // build the response
    return new ResponseEntity<>(response, headers, status);
}

public class WebErrorResponse
{
/**
 * The error message.
 */
public String message;

/**
 * The status code.
 */
public int code;

/**
 * The error title.
 */
public String title;

/**
 * The error type.
 */
public String type;
}

这应该有效，但唯一的响应是 Jetty 错误消息 406 - Not Acceptable 。

将响应实体主体类型更改为 String 效果很好。 怎么了？也许这是一个错误？

附言:使用 Spring 4.2.8、Spring Boot 1.3.8。

Answer 1

最终解决方案

在 Google 中多次试错循环和往返之后，我终于找到了满足我要求的解决方案。 Spring 中错误处理的主要问题是由默认行为和小文档引起的。

只用Spring不用Spring Boot是没问题的。但是同时使用两者来构建 Web (REST) 服务就像 hell 。

所以我想分享我的解决方案，以帮助遇到相同问题的每个人...

你需要的是:

• 一个 Spring Java 配置类
• spring 的异常处理程序(使用@ControllerAdvice 并扩展ResponseEntityExceptionHandler)
• 错误 Controller (使用 @Controller 并扩展 AbstractErrorController)
• 通过 Jackson 生成错误响应的简单 POJO(可选)

配置(抠图重要部分)

@Configuration
public class SpringConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
{
   // ... init stuff if needed

@Override
public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer)
{
    // setup content negotiation (automatic detection of content types)
    configurer
            // use format parameter and extension to detect mimetype
            .favorPathExtension(true).favorParameter(true)
            // set default mimetype
            .defaultContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)
            .mediaType(...)
            // and so on ....
 }

 /**
 * Configuration of the {@link DispatcherServlet} bean.
 *
 * <p>This is needed because Spring and Spring Boot auto-configuration override each other.</p>
 *
 * @see <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28902374/spring-boot-rest-service-exception-handling">
 *      Stackoverflow - Spring Boot REST service exception handling</a>
 *
 * @param dispatcher dispatcher servlet instance
 */
@Autowired
@SuppressWarnings ("SpringJavaAutowiringInspection")
public void setupDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet dispatcher)
{
    // FIX: for global REST error handling
    // enable exceptions if endpoint not found (instead of static error page)
    dispatcher.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(true);
}

/**
 * Creates the error properties used to setup the global REST error controller.
 *
 * <p>Using {@link ErrorProperties} is compliant to base implementation if Spring Boot's
 * {@link org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController}.</p>
 *
 *
 * @return error properties
 */
@Bean
public ErrorProperties errorProperties()
{
    ErrorProperties properties = new ErrorProperties();

    properties.setIncludeStacktrace(ErrorProperties.IncludeStacktrace.NEVER);
    properties.setPath("/error");

    return properties;
}
// ...
}

Spring 异常处理程序:

@ControllerAdvice(annotations = RestController.class)
public class WebExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler
{
/**
 * This function handles the exceptions.
 *
 * @param e the thrown exception
 *
 * @return error message as XML-document
 */
@ExceptionHandler (Exception.class)
public ResponseEntity<Object> handleErrorResponse(Exception e)
{
    logger.trace("Catching Exception in REST API.", e);

    return handleExceptionInternal(e, null, null, null, null);
}

@Override
protected ResponseEntity<Object> handleExceptionInternal(Exception ex,
                                                         Object body,
                                                         HttpHeaders headers,
                                                         HttpStatus status,
                                                         WebRequest request)
{
    logger.trace("Catching Spring Exception in REST API.");
    logger.debug("Using " + getClass().getSimpleName() + " for exception handling.");

    // fatal, should not happen
    if(ex == null) throw new NullPointerException("empty exception");

    // set defaults
    String title = "API Error";
    String msg   = ex.getMessage();

    if(status == null) status = HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST;

    // build response body
    WebErrorResponse response = new WebErrorResponse();

    response.type = ex.getClass().getSimpleName();
    response.title = title;
    response.message = msg;
    response.code = status.value();

    // build response headers
    if(headers == null) headers = new HttpHeaders();

    try {
        headers.setContentType(getContentType(request));
    }
    catch(NullPointerException e)
    {
        // ignore (empty headers will result in default)
    }
    catch(IllegalArgumentException e)
    {
        // return only status code
        return new ResponseEntity<>(status);
    }

    return new ResponseEntity<>(response, headers, status);
}

/**
 * Checks the given request and returns the matching response content type
 * or throws an exceptions if the requested content type could not be delivered.
 *
 * @param request current request
 *
 * @return response content type matching the request
 *
 * @throws NullPointerException     if the request does not an accept header field
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the requested content type is not supported
 */
private static MediaType getContentType(WebRequest request) throws NullPointerException, IllegalArgumentException
{
    String accepts = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT);

    if(accepts==null) throw new NullPointerException();

    // XML
    if(accepts.contains(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE) ||
       accepts.contains(MediaType.TEXT_XML_VALUE) ||
       accepts.contains(MediaType.APPLICATION_XHTML_XML_VALUE))
        return MediaType.APPLICATION_XML;
    // JSON
    else if(accepts.contains(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE))
        return MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8;
    // other
    else throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
}

以及 Spring Boot 的错误 Controller :

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/error")
public class CustomErrorController extends AbstractErrorController
{
    protected final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    /**
     * The global settings for this error controller.
     */
    private final ErrorProperties properties;

    /**
     * Bean constructor.
     *
     * @param properties global properties
     * @param attributes default error attributes
     */
    @Autowired
    public CustomErrorController(ErrorProperties properties, ErrorAttributes attributes)
    {
        super(attributes);

        this.properties = new ErrorProperties();
    }

    @Override
    public String getErrorPath()
    {
        return this.properties.getPath();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the configuration properties of this controller.
     *
     * @return error properties
     */
    public ErrorProperties getErrorProperties()
    {
        return this.properties;
    }

    /**
     * This function handles runtime and application errors.
     *
     * @param request the incorrect request instance
     *
     * @return error message as XML-document
     */
    @RequestMapping (produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE})
    @ResponseBody
    public ResponseEntity<Object> handleError(HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        logger.trace("Catching Exception in REST API.");
        logger.debug("Using {} for exception handling." , getClass().getSimpleName());

        // original requested REST endpoint
        String endpoint = String.valueOf(request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.FORWARD_REQUEST_URI));
        // status code
        String code = String.valueOf(request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_STATUS_CODE));
        // thrown exception
        Exception ex = ((Exception) request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION));

        if(ex == null) {
            ex = new RuntimeException(String.valueOf(request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_MESSAGE)));
        }

        // release nested exceptions (we want source exception only)
        if(ex instanceof NestedServletException && ex.getCause() instanceof Exception) {
            ex = (Exception) ex.getCause();
        }

        // build response body
        WebErrorResponse response = new WebErrorResponse();

        response.title   = "Internal Server Error";
        response.type    = ex.getClass().getSimpleName();
        response.code    = Integer.valueOf(code);
        response.message = request.getMethod() + ": " + endpoint+"; "+ex.getMessage();

        // build response headers
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

        headers.setContentType(getResponseType(request));

        // build the response
        return new ResponseEntity<>(response, headers, getStatus(request));
    }

    /*@RequestMapping (produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE})
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleError(HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        Boolean stacktrace = properties.getIncludeStacktrace().equals(ErrorProperties.IncludeStacktrace.ALWAYS);

        Map<String, Object> r = getErrorAttributes(request, stacktrace);

        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(r, getStatus(request));
    }*/

    /**
     * Extracts the response content type from the "Accept" HTTP header field.
     *
     * @param request request instance
     *
     * @return response content type
     */
    private MediaType getResponseType(HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        String accepts = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT);

        // only XML or JSON allowed
        if(accepts.contains(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE))
            return MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8;
        else return MediaType.APPLICATION_XML;
    }
}

就是这样，POJO WebErrorResponse 是一个仅使用公共(public)字符串和 int 字段的普通类。

上述类适用于支持 XML 和 JSON 的 REST API。 工作原理:

• 来自 Controller (自定义和应用程序逻辑)的异常将由 Spring 异常处理程序处理
• 来自 Spring 的异常将由 Spring 异常处理程序处理(例如缺少参数)
• 404(缺少端点)将由 Spring Boot 错误 Controller 处理
• mimetype 问题(例如请求图像/png 但抛出异常)将首先移至 Spring 异常处理程序，然后重定向到 Spring Boot 错误 Controller (由于 mimetype 异常)

我希望这能为像我一样困惑的其他人澄清一些事情。

最好的问候，

压缩包