java - 使用 Spring、Hibernate 和 Spring Transaction Support 为单元测试设置数据库

Question

我想在单元测试中测试 Dao 层与我的服务层的集成。所以我需要在我的数据库(hsql)中设置一些数据。对于这个设置，我需要在我的测试用例开始时有一个自己的事务，以确保我的所有设置在开始我的测试用例之前真正提交给数据库。

所以这就是我想要实现的目标:

// NotTranactional
public void doTest {
  // transaction begins
  setup database
  // commit transaction

  service.doStuff() // doStuff is annotated @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
}

这是我不工作的代码:

<bean id="dataSource"
    class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"
    p:driverClassName="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"
    p:url="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:posmail" p:username="sa"
    p:password="" />

<bean id="sessionFactory"
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="annotatedClasses">
        <list>        
            <value>de.diandan.asynch.modell.receipt.Position</value>
            <value>de.diandan.asynch.modell.receipt.Receipt</value>
        </list>
    </property>    

    <property name="hibernateProperties">
        <props>
            <prop key="hibernate.connection.useUnicode">true</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.connection.characterEncoding">UTF-8</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.connection.charSet">UTF-8</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">false</prop>
            <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management 
            <prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop> -->

            <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->
            <prop key="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</prop>

            <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">false</prop>

        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

<bean id="transactionManager" 
      class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

我的测试用例

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"/asynchUnit.xml"})
@DirtiesContext(classMode=ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD)
public class ReceiptServiceTest implements ApplicationContextAware {
  @Autowired(required=true)
  private UserHome userHome;

  private ApplicationContext context;

  @Before
  @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
  public void init() throws Exception {
    User user = InitialCreator.createUser();
    userHome.persist(user);
  }

  @Test
  public void testDoSomething() {
    ...
  }
}

导致这个异常:

org.hibernate.HibernateException: No Hibernate Session bound to thread, and configuration does not allow creation of non-transactional one here
    at org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SpringSessionContext.currentSession(SpringSessionContext.java:63)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionFactoryImpl.getCurrentSession(SessionFactoryImpl.java:687)
    at de.diandan.asynch.modell.GenericHome.getSession(GenericHome.java:40)
    at de.diandan.asynch.modell.GenericHome.persist(GenericHome.java:53)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:318)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:196)
    at $Proxy28.persist(Unknown Source)
    at de.diandan.asynch.service.ReceiptServiceTest.init(ReceiptServiceTest.java:63)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:41)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:27)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:74)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:72)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

我不知道什么是围绕设置数据库获取事务的正确方法。

我尝试过的:

@Before
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
public void setup() {
  setup database
}

-> Spring 似乎不在@Before 注释方法中启动事务。除此之外，那不是我真正想要的，因为我的测试类中有很多方法需要稍微不同的设置，所以我需要其中的几个初始化方法。

@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
public void setup() {
  setup database
}

public void doTest {
  init();

  service.doStuff() // doStuff is annotated @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
}

--> init似乎没有在事务中启动

我不想做的事:

public void doTest {
  // doing my own transaction-handling
  setup database
  // doing my own transaction-handling

  service.doStuff() // doStuff is annotated @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
}

--> 开始混合 springs 事务处理，我自己的似乎很痛苦。

@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED)
public void doTest {
  setup database
  service.doStuff()
}

--> 我想测试尽可能真实的情况，所以我的服务应该从一个干净的 session 开始并且没有打开事务

那么为我的测试用例设置数据库的正确方法是什么？

Answer 1

添加以下注释就可以了:

@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager="transactionManager", defaultRollback=false)
@Transactional

这是生成的完整配置:

@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager="transactionManager", defaultRollback=false)
@Transactional
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ConnextConfiguration(locations={"/asynchUnit.xml"})
@DirtiesContext(classMode=ClassMode.AFTER_EACH_TEST_METHOD)
public class ReceiptServiceTest implements ApplicationContextAware {