在使用Spring时,生产时应该使用Spring配置xml来实例化你的对象,而在测试时直接实例化对象的理解是否正确?
例如。
MyMain.java
package org.world.hello;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyMain {
private Room room;
public static void speak(String str)
{
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
Room room = (Room) context.getBean("myRoom");
speak(room.generatePoem());
}
}
房间.java
package org.world.hello;
public class Room {
private BottleCounter bottleCounter;
private int numBottles;
public String generatePoem()
{
String str = "";
for (int i = numBottles; i>=0; i--)
{
str = str + bottleCounter.countBottle(i) + "\n";
}
return str;
}
public BottleCounter getBottleCounter() {
return bottleCounter;
}
public void setBottleCounter(BottleCounter bottleCounter) {
this.bottleCounter = bottleCounter;
}
public int getNumBottles() {
return numBottles;
}
public void setNumBottles(int numBottles) {
this.numBottles = numBottles;
}
}
BottleCounter.java
package org.world.hello;
public class BottleCounter {
public String countBottle(int i)
{
return i + " bottles of beer on the wall" + i + " bottles of beer!";
}
}
Beans.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<bean id="myRoom" class="org.world.hello.Room">
<property name="bottleCounter">
<bean id = "myBottleCounter" class = "org.world.hello.BottleCounter"/>
</property>
<property name = "numBottles" value = "10"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
输出:(我为缺少的空间道歉)
10 bottles of beer on the wall10 bottles of beer!
9 bottles of beer on the wall9 bottles of beer!
8 bottles of beer on the wall8 bottles of beer!
7 bottles of beer on the wall7 bottles of beer!
6 bottles of beer on the wall6 bottles of beer!
5 bottles of beer on the wall5 bottles of beer!
4 bottles of beer on the wall4 bottles of beer!
3 bottles of beer on the wall3 bottles of beer!
2 bottles of beer on the wall2 bottles of beer!
1 bottles of beer on the wall1 bottles of beer!
0 bottles of beer on the wall0 bottles of beer!
现在进行测试:
BottleCounterTest.java:
package org.world.hello;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
public class BottleCounterTest {
@Test
public void testOneBottle() {
BottleCounter b = new BottleCounter();
assertEquals("1 bottles of beer on the wall1 bottles of beer!", b.countBottle(1));
}
}
非常简单。
房间测试.java:
package org.world.hello;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.junit.Test;
public class RoomTest {
@Test
public void testThreeBottlesAreSeperatedByNewLines()
{
Room r = new Room();
BottleCounter b = Mockito.mock(BottleCounter.class);
Mockito.when(b.countBottle(Mockito.anyInt())).thenReturn("a");
r.setBottleCounter(b);
r.setNumBottles(3);
assertEquals("a\na\na\na\n", r.generatePoem());
}
}
我以这种方式实例化我的测试对象是否正确?
最佳答案
内部静态类配置:
在测试 Spring 组件时,我们通常使用 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
并创建我们的类 @ContextConfiguration
。通过创建类 @ContextConfiguration
,您可以创建一个用于配置的内部静态类,您可以在其中完全控制。在那里,您将所有需要的定义为 beans 并在测试中将其定义为 @Autowired
,以及依赖项,这些依赖项可以是模拟对象或常规对象,具体取决于测试用例。
组件扫描生产代码:
如果测试需要更多组件,您可以添加 @ComponentScan
但我们尝试让它只扫描它需要的包(这是当您使用 @Component
注释但在您的如果您可以将 XML 添加到 @ContextConfiguration
)。当您不需要模拟并且您有一个需要像生产一样的复杂设置时,这是一个不错的选择。这对于集成测试非常有用,您可以在其中测试组件如何在要测试的功能切片中相互交互。
混合方法:当您有许多需要像生产一样但一两个需要模拟的 bean 时,这是通常的情况。然后你可以 @ComponentScan
生产代码,但添加一个内部静态类,它是 @Configuration
并在那里定义带有注释 @Primary
的 bean,这将覆盖生产测试时该 bean 的代码配置。这很好,因为您不需要为所有已定义的 bean 编写很长的 @Configuration
,您可以扫描所需的内容并覆盖应该模拟的内容。
在你的情况下,我会采用这样的第一种方法:
package org.world.hello;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.junit.Test;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
public class RoomTest {
@Configuration
//@ImportResource(value = {"path/to/resource.xml"}) if you need to load additional xml configuration
static class TestConfig {
@Bean
public BottleCounter bottleCounter() {
return Mockito.mock(BottleCounter.class);
}
@Bean
public Room room(BottleCounter bottleCounter) {
Room room = new Room();
room.setBottleCounter(bottleCounter);
//r.setNumBottles(3); if you need 3 in each test
return room;
}
}
@Autowired
private Room room; //room defined in configuration with mocked bottlecounter
@Test
public void testThreeBottlesAreSeperatedByNewLines()
{
Mockito.when(b.countBottle(Mockito.anyInt())).thenReturn("a");
r.setNumBottles(3);
assertEquals("a\na\na\na\n", r.generatePoem());
}
}
关于java - 使用 Spring 时实例化对象,用于测试与生产,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29203218/