如何确保分发具有较大依赖性的 Python 包(如 NumPy 和 SciPy)自动正确安装在用户的计算机上,而不管他们的操作系统如何?
问题是许多这样的包都或多或少地通过 pip
的主要 channel 安装,包括上面提到的那些......
最佳答案
我并不认为这是完美的,但下面是我在实践中发现的非常强大的东西:一个 install.sh
脚本,最初派生于一个名为 words2map 的人工智能库.目标是确保用户可以简单地运行 ./install.sh
然后所有需要的 pip install this
和 pip install that
成功在任何情况下(即使是全新的服务器),无论您使用的是什么操作系统。 (我真的希望与操作系统无关的安装是行业标准,至少在 Mac OSX 和每个 Linux 发行版上都是这样……)
随意直接跳到代码,但对于那些需要解释的人:这个 install.sh
脚本在很大程度上依赖于 Conda 包分发管理器,它工作得非常好,因为它构建了操作系统-自动特定的轮子。下面的安装代码首先检查用户的操作系统,然后安装适当的 Conda 发行版(如果在 Mac OSX 和 Linux 上,在这种情况下),最后根据需要通过 Conda 安装所有剩余的依赖项。另外,请注意,如果检测到 Linux 终端,它首先确保所需的编译库可通过例如sudo apt-get install python-dev
(因为用户经常缺少 gcc
或其他东西),最后这会自动将 Conda 添加到用户的 PATH 中以进行 bash
和 zshell
,这似乎涵盖了大多数终端(但也许不是,请随意添加)。很多花哨的东西,但实际上这提供了一个非常好的用户体验,可以帮助用户立即启动并运行您正在分发的新的复杂 Python 库,因为您可以通过尝试立即下载并运行 words2map 来自行测试。如果对每个人来说有意义/使它更好/更清晰,我们强烈建议对此进行编辑。好的,开始表演吧!
#!/bin/bash
download_miniconda() {
echo "Downloading Miniconda for Python dependencies..."
OS_BIT_TYPE="$(uname -m)"
OS_ARCHITECTURE="$(uname -s)"
if [ $OS_BIT_TYPE == "i686" ]; then
OS_BIT_TYPE="x86"
fi
if [ $OS_ARCHITECTURE == "Darwin" ]; then
OS_ARCHITECTURE="MacOSX"
fi
MINICONDA_INSTALL_FILE="Miniconda2-latest-$OS_ARCHITECTURE-$OS_BIT_TYPE.sh"
MINICONDA_DOWNLOAD_URL="https://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/$MINICONDA_INSTALL_FILE"
$(curl -O $MINICONDA_DOWNLOAD_URL)
$(chmod +x $MINICONDA_INSTALL_FILE)
}
install_miniconda() {
echo "Installing Miniconda..."
echo "$(./$MINICONDA_INSTALL_FILE -b -p $HOME/miniconda)"
echo "$(rm $MINICONDA_INSTALL_FILE)"
}
confirm_miniconda_installed() {
if hash conda 2>/dev/null; then
echo "Miniconda installed!"
else
echo "Failed to install Miniconda. Please visit http://conda.pydata.org/docs/install/quick.html to install and then try rerunning this script, making sure that Miniconda is accessible in the PATH"
fi
}
update_script_startup_file() {
echo "if [[ \":\$PATH:\" != *\":\$HOME/miniconda/bin:\"* ]]; then" >> $STARTUP_FILE
echo " export PATH=\"\$PATH:\$HOME/miniconda/bin\"" >> $STARTUP_FILE
echo "fi" >> $STARTUP_FILE
}
add_miniconda_to_path() {
# temporary update to PATH for this script
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/miniconda/bin"
# permanent update to PATH for user's convenience
if [ -n "`$SHELL -c 'echo $BASH_VERSION'`" ]; then
STARTUP_FILE="$HOME/.bashrc"
update_script_startup_file
elif [ -n "`$SHELL -c 'echo $ZSH_VERSION'`" ]; then
STARTUP_FILE="$HOME/.zshrc"
update_script_startup_file
else
echo "Couldn't automatically add Miniconda to the PATH of your preferred terminal. We suggest working from Bash or ZShell."
fi
}
install_conda_if_needed() {
if hash conda 2>/dev/null; then
echo "Miniconda installed!"
else
if ping -c 1 google.com >> /dev/null 2>&1; then
download_miniconda
install_miniconda
add_miniconda_to_path
confirm_miniconda_installed
else
echo "Looks like you're offline! Please address this and then try rerunning this script."
fi
fi
}
create_conda_environment() {
if hash conda 2>/dev/null; then
CONDA_ENVIRONMENTS="$(conda env list)"
if [[ "$CONDA_ENVIRONMENTS" != *"words2map"* ]]; then
conda create --name words2map --yes cython scikit-learn gensim seaborn
fi
fi
}
install_developer_libraries_as_needed() {
OS_ARCHITECTURE="$(uname -s)"
if [ $OS_ARCHITECTURE == "Linux" ]; then
echo "$(python -mplatform | grep -qi Ubuntu && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python-dev || sudo yum update -y && sudo yum install python-devel -y && sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y)"
fi
}
install_python_dependencies() {
if hash conda 2>/dev/null; then
echo 'Installing Python dependencies for words2map...'
source activate words2map
install_developer_libraries_as_needed
pip install hdbscan pattern semidbm nltk unidecode
source deactivate
fi
}
refresh_user_shell() {
if [ -n "`$SHELL -c 'echo $BASH_VERSION'`" ]; then
exec bash
elif [ -n "`$SHELL -c 'echo $ZSH_VERSION'`" ]; then
exec zsh
fi
}
install_conda_if_needed
create_conda_environment
install_python_dependencies
refresh_user_shell
关于python - 分发大型复杂 Python 项目以便其他用户完全安装它们而不考虑操作系统的最佳方式?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38213861/