Android RxJava 2 JUnit 测试 - android.os.Looper 中的 getMainLooper 未模拟 RuntimeException

Question

我在尝试为使用 observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) 的演示者运行 JUnit 测试时遇到 RuntimeException。

由于它们是纯 JUnit 测试而不是 Android Instrumentation 测试，因此它们无法访问 Android 依赖项，导致我在执行测试时遇到以下错误:

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers$1.call(AndroidSchedulers.java:35)
    at io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers$1.call(AndroidSchedulers.java:33)
    at io.reactivex.android.plugins.RxAndroidPlugins.callRequireNonNull(RxAndroidPlugins.java:70)
    at io.reactivex.android.plugins.RxAndroidPlugins.initMainThreadScheduler(RxAndroidPlugins.java:40)
    at io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers.<clinit>(AndroidSchedulers.java:32)
    …
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Method getMainLooper in android.os.Looper not mocked. See http://g.co/androidstudio/not-mocked for details.
    at android.os.Looper.getMainLooper(Looper.java)
    at io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers$MainHolder.<clinit>(AndroidSchedulers.java:29)
    ...


java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    …

Answer 1

发生此错误是因为 AndroidSchedulers.mainThread() 返回的默认调度程序是 LooperScheduler 的一个实例，并且依赖于 JUnit 测试中不可用的 Android 依赖项。

我们可以通过在运行测试之前使用不同的调度程序初始化 RxAndroidPlugins 来避免这个问题。您可以在 @BeforeClass 方法中执行此操作，如下所示:

@BeforeClass
public static void setUpRxSchedulers() {
    Scheduler immediate = new Scheduler() {
        @Override
        public Disposable scheduleDirect(@NonNull Runnable run, long delay, @NonNull TimeUnit unit) {
            // this prevents StackOverflowErrors when scheduling with a delay
            return super.scheduleDirect(run, 0, unit);
        }

        @Override
        public Worker createWorker() {
            return new ExecutorScheduler.ExecutorWorker(Runnable::run);
        }
    };

    RxJavaPlugins.setInitIoSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
    RxJavaPlugins.setInitComputationSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
    RxJavaPlugins.setInitNewThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
    RxJavaPlugins.setInitSingleSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
    RxAndroidPlugins.setInitMainThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
}

或者您可以创建一个自定义 TestRule，让您可以跨多个测试类重用初始化逻辑。

public class RxImmediateSchedulerRule implements TestRule {
    private Scheduler immediate = new Scheduler() {
        @Override
        public Disposable scheduleDirect(@NonNull Runnable run, long delay, @NonNull TimeUnit unit) {
            // this prevents StackOverflowErrors when scheduling with a delay
            return super.scheduleDirect(run, 0, unit);
        }

        @Override
        public Worker createWorker() {
            return new ExecutorScheduler.ExecutorWorker(Runnable::run);
        }
    };

    @Override
    public Statement apply(final Statement base, Description description) {
        return new Statement() {
            @Override
            public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitIoSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitComputationSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitNewThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitSingleSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
                RxAndroidPlugins.setInitMainThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);

                try {
                    base.evaluate();
                } finally {
                    RxJavaPlugins.reset();
                    RxAndroidPlugins.reset();
                }
            }
        };
    }
}

然后您可以将其应用于您的测试类(class)

public class TestClass {
    @ClassRule public static final RxImmediateSchedulerRule schedulers = new RxImmediateSchedulerRule();

    @Test
    public void testStuff_stuffHappens() {
       ...
    }
}

这两种方法都将确保在执行任何测试之前和访问 AndroidSchedulers 之前覆盖默认调度程序。

使用即时调度程序覆盖 RxJava 调度程序以进行单元测试也将确保被测试代码中的 RxJava 用法同步运行，这将使编写单元测试变得更加容易。

来源:
https://www.infoq.com/articles/Testing-RxJava2 https://medium.com/@peter.tackage/overriding-rxandroid-schedulers-in-rxjava-2-5561b3d14212