我一直试图了解我的问题是什么，当我试图刮用我在我的django应用程序中创建的函数。该功能转到一个网站收集数据并将其存储在我的数据库中。起初，我尝试使用rq和redis一段时间，但一直收到一条错误消息。所以有人认为我应该试着用芹菜，我做到了。但我现在明白了RQ和芹菜都不是问题所在。因为我得到了和以前一样的错误信息。我已经厌倦了导入它，但仍然收到错误消息，然后我想，如果我在tasks.py文件中有实际的函数，它可能会有影响，但没有。这是我试图在tasks.py中使用的函数。
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from src.blog.models import Post
import random
import re
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import os
@app.tasks
def p_panties():
def swappo():
user_one = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" '
user_two = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_5)" '
user_thr = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko" '
user_for = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X x.y; rv:10.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0" '
agent_list = [user_one, user_two, user_thr, user_for]
a = random.choice(agent_list)
return a
headers = {
"user-agent": swappo(),
"accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"accept-charset": "ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3",
"accept-encoding": "gzip,deflate,sdch",
"accept-language": "en-US,en;q=0.8",
}
pan_url = 'http://www.example.org'
shtml = requests.get(pan_url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(shtml.text, 'html5lib')
video_row = soup.find_all('div', {'class': 'post-start'})
name = 'pan videos'
if os.getenv('_system_name') == 'OSX':
author = User.objects.get(id=2)
else:
author = User.objects.get(id=3)
def youtube_link(url):
youtube_page = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soupdata = BeautifulSoup(youtube_page.text, 'html5lib')
video_row = soupdata.find_all('p')[0]
entries = [{'text': div,
} for div in video_row]
tubby = str(entries[0]['text'])
urls = re.findall('http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+', tubby)
cleaned_url = urls[0].replace('?&autoplay=1', '')
return cleaned_url
def yt_id(code):
the_id = code
youtube_id = the_id.replace('https://www.youtube.com/embed/', '')
return youtube_id
def strip_hd(hd, move):
str = hd
new_hd = str.replace(move, '')
return new_hd
entries = [{'href': div.a.get('href'),
'text': strip_hd(strip_hd(div.h2.text, '– Official video HD'), '– Oficial video HD').lstrip(),
'embed': youtube_link(div.a.get('href')), #embed
'comments': strip_hd(strip_hd(div.h2.text, '– Official video HD'), '– Oficial video HD').lstrip(),
'src': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/' + yt_id(youtube_link(div.a.get('href'))) + '/maxresdefault.jpg', #image
'name': name,
'url': div.a.get('href'),
'author': author,
'video': True
} for div in video_row][:13]
for entry in entries:
post = Post()
post.title = entry['text']
title = post.title
if not Post.objects.filter(title=title):
post.title = entry['text']
post.name = entry['name']
post.url = entry['url']
post.body = entry['comments']
post.image_url = entry['src']
post.video_path = entry['embed']
post.author = entry['author']
post.video = entry['video']
post.status = 'draft'
post.save()
post.tags.add("video", "Musica")
return entries
如果我运行
from tasks import *
我明白了
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/tasks.py", line 5, in <module>
from src.blog.models import Post
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/src/blog/models.py", line 3, in <module>
from taggit.managers import TaggableManager
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/taggit/managers.py", line 7, in <module>
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 159, in <module>
class ContentType(models.Model):
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 160, in ContentType
app_label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 1072, in __init__
super(CharField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py", line 166, in __init__
self.db_tablespace = db_tablespace or settings.DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 55, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/Users/ray/Desktop/myheroku/practice/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
% (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
这是我用RQ和ReDIS得到的完全相同的回溯。我发现如果我像这样修改导入
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# from src.blog.models import Post
import random
import re
# from django.contrib.auth.models import User
import os
像这样修改我的函数
@app.task
def p_panties():
def swappo():
user_one = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" '
user_two = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_5)" '
user_thr = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko" '
user_for = ' "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X x.y; rv:10.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0" '
agent_list = [user_one, user_two, user_thr, user_for]
a = random.choice(agent_list)
return a
headers = {
"user-agent": swappo(),
"accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"accept-charset": "ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3",
"accept-encoding": "gzip,deflate,sdch",
"accept-language": "en-US,en;q=0.8",
}
pan_url = 'http://www.example.org'
shtml = requests.get(pan_url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(shtml.text, 'html5lib')
video_row = soup.find_all('div', {'class': 'post-start'})
name = 'pan videos'
# if os.getenv('_system_name') == 'OSX':
# author = User.objects.get(id=2)
# else:
# author = User.objects.get(id=3)
def youtube_link(url):
youtube_page = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soupdata = BeautifulSoup(youtube_page.text, 'html5lib')
video_row = soupdata.find_all('p')[0]
entries = [{'text': div,
} for div in video_row]
tubby = str(entries[0]['text'])
urls = re.findall('http[s]?://(?:[a-zA-Z]|[0-9]|[$-_@.&+]|[!*\(\),]|(?:%[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]))+', tubby)
cleaned_url = urls[0].replace('?&autoplay=1', '')
return cleaned_url
def yt_id(code):
the_id = code
youtube_id = the_id.replace('https://www.youtube.com/embed/', '')
return youtube_id
def strip_hd(hd, move):
str = hd
new_hd = str.replace(move, '')
return new_hd
entries = [{'href': div.a.get('href'),
'text': strip_hd(strip_hd(div.h2.text, '– Official video HD'), '– Oficial video HD').lstrip(),
'embed': youtube_link(div.a.get('href')), #embed
'comments': strip_hd(strip_hd(div.h2.text, '– Official video HD'), '– Oficial video HD').lstrip(),
'src': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/' + yt_id(youtube_link(div.a.get('href'))) + '/maxresdefault.jpg', #image
'name': name,
'url': div.a.get('href'),
# 'author': author,
'video': True
} for div in video_row][:13]
#
# for entry in entries:
# post = Post()
# post.title = entry['text']
# title = post.title
# if not Post.objects.filter(title=title):
# post.title = entry['text']
# post.name = entry['name']
# post.url = entry['url']
# post.body = entry['comments']
# post.image_url = entry['src']
# post.video_path = entry['embed']
# post.author = entry['author']
# post.video = entry['video']
# post.status = 'draft'
# post.save()
# post.tags.add("video", "Musica")
return entries
它工作，因为这是我的输出
[2016-08-13 08:31:17,222: INFO/MainProcess] Received task: tasks.p_panties[e196c6bf-2b87-4bb2-ae11-452e3c41434f]
[2016-08-13 08:31:17,238: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): www.example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:17,582: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:18,314: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:18,870: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:19,476: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:20,089: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:20,711: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:21,218: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:21,727: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:22,372: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:22,785: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:23,375: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:23,983: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:24,396: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:25,003: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:25,621: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:26,029: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:26,446: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:27,261: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:27,671: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:28,082: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:28,694: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:29,311: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:29,922: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:30,535: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:31,154: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:31,765: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:32,387: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:32,992: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:33,611: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:34,030: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:34,635: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:35,041: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:35,659: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:36,278: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:36,886: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:37,496: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:37,913: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:38,564: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:39,143: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:39,754: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:40,409: INFO/Worker-4] Starting new HTTP connection (1): example.org
[2016-08-13 08:31:40,992: INFO/MainProcess] Task tasks.p_panties[e196c6bf-2b87-4bb2-ae11-452e3c41434f] succeeded in 23.767645187006565s: [{'src': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3bU-AtShW7Y/maxresdefault.jpg', 'name': 'pan videos', 'url':...
似乎需要某种类型的授权才能与我的post模型交互。我只是不知道怎么做。我一直在网上寻找如何将数据收集并保存到数据库中的示例。奇怪的是，我一个也没有碰到过。我能读到的任何建议都会有很大的帮助。
编辑
我的文件结构
environ\
|-src\
|-blog\
|-migrations\
|-static\
|-templates\
|-templatetags\
|-__init__.py
|-admin.py
|-forms.py
|-models
|-tasks
|-urls
|-views
最佳答案
你需要设置django
您似乎试图在python shell中运行任务，这更有可能是因为当您注释掉django模型部分时，您的代码可以工作。
所以问题是，当运行纯python shell时，需要设置django，才能正常运行。当您在manage.py shell中运行它时，manage.py会为您处理或设置它，但是通过python脚本执行它需要手动设置。这就是缺少django_settings_模块错误的原因。
您似乎还使用了定义的模型，为了能够将它们导入到python脚本中，您需要将项目根文件夹的路径添加到当前python路径中。
最后，您需要告诉django您的设置文件在哪里（在设置django之前），在manage.py文件中，您应该具有如下内容：
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myapp.settings")
将其设为常量，将其命名为默认设置模块，这样您现在可以：
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE)
现在您需要将常量导入到脚本中，并告诉django（通过设置env var）它应该在哪里查找设置文件。
总之：
import sys, os
sys.path.insert(0, "/path/to/parent/of/src") # /home/projects/my-crawler
from manage import DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", DEFAULT_SETTINGS_MODULE)
import django
django.setup()
... The rest of your script ...
这样你的设置就很好了。但是如果您想运行芹菜任务，您应该使用
.delay()或.apply_async()，以确保代码在后台运行。我自己的建议是使用python manage.py shell运行pythonshell，本例中django为您处理所有事情。你只需要导入你的任务并运行它。
关于抓取任务结果的存储，您可以在数据库中，或者在redis中，或者在任何地方（一个文件，另一个web服务器…等等，您还可以调用另一个芹菜任务来处理结果并将条目传递给它）。
只需将其添加到任务代码的末尾。
Redis公司
from redis import StrictRedis
redis = StrictRedis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
redis.set("scraping:tasks:results:TASK-ID-HERE", json.dumps(entries))
这是保存结果的最简单方法，但也可以使用redislists/maps。
仅供参考，这是你使用列表的方法
with redis.pipeline() as pipe:
for item in entries:
pipe.rpush("scraping:tasks:results", json.dumps(item))
pipe.execute()
----编辑
正如我所提到的，您可以定义另一个芹菜任务来处理当前刮除的结果。所以基本上你有以下几点：
@celery_app.task
def handle_scraping_results(entries):
you do whatever you want with the entries array now
在你的内裤任务结束时这样称呼它：
handle_scraping_results.delay(entries)
rabbitmq在这里所做的，是传递来自您的p_u内裤任务的消息，处理_u scraping_u results任务。需要注意的是，这些不是简单的函数，共享相同的内存地址空间，它们可以在不同的进程上，在不同的服务器上！其实芹菜是用来吃的。不能调用处于不同进程中的函数。RabByMQ来到这里，从进程A（具有任务PN内裤）获取消息，并将其传递给进程B（具有任务句柄结果）（消息传递是RPC的完美方法）。
你不能在rabbitmq中保存任何东西，它不像redis。我劝你多读一点celery，因为你似乎选错了。使用芹菜并不能解决你的问题，它实际上增加了你的问题（因为一开始可能很难理解）。如果你不需要异步处理，只需把芹菜完全除掉。让您的代码成为一个单独的函数，您可以很容易地从python shell或manage.py shell调用它，就像我上面描述的那样。
——编辑二
你想在数据库中每隔几个小时坚持一次。所以当你的任务在某个地方完成或者结果丢失时，你必须坚持。
你有两个选择
在任务完成时（不是每隔几个小时）在数据库中保持
每当你的任务完成，然后每隔几个小时左右，你就会有一个periodic task，把它们保存在django数据库中。
第一种方法很简单，只需在自己的代码中取消注释已注释的代码。
第二条路需要更多的工作。
考虑到您的结果像我告诉您的那样被持久化在redis中，您可以有如下的周期性任务来为您处理持久化到db。
redis_keys = redis.get("scraping:tasks:results:*")
for key in redis_keys:
value_of_redis_key = redis.get(key)
entries = json.loads(entries)
for entry in entries:
post = Post()
post.title = entry['text']
title = post.title
if not Post.objects.filter(title=title):
post.title = entry['text']
post.name = entry['name']
post.url = entry['url']
post.body = entry['comments']
post.image_url = entry['src']
post.video_path = entry['embed']
post.author = entry['author']
post.video = entry['video']
post.status = 'draft'
post.save()
post.tags.add("video", "Musica")
关于python - 异步抓取并使用django celery和redis存储结果并存储我的正确方法是什么？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38933035/