c++ - 编译错误 C++ : could not deduce template argument for 'T'

Question

我正在尝试读取二进制数据以将结构加载回内存，以便我可以编辑它们并将它们保存回 .dat 文件。

readVector() 尝试读取文件，并返回序列化的 vector 。但是当我尝试运行它时出现了这个编译错误。我的模板做错了什么？

********* 编辑 ******************

代码:

// Project 5.cpp : main project file.

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace System;
using namespace std;
#pragma hdrstop

int checkCommand (string line);

template<typename T>
void writeVector(ofstream &out, const vector<T> &vec);

template<typename T>
vector<T> readVector(ifstream &in);

struct InventoryItem {
    string Item;
    string Description;
    int Quantity;
    int wholesaleCost;
    int retailCost;
    int dateAdded;
} ;


int main(void)
{
    cout << "Welcome to the Inventory Manager extreme! [Version 1.0]" << endl;

    ifstream in("data.dat");

    vector<InventoryItem> structList;

    readVector<InventoryItem>( in );

    while (1)
    {

        string line = "";

        cout << endl;
        cout << "Commands: " << endl;
        cout << "1: Add a new record " << endl;
        cout << "2: Display a record " << endl;
        cout << "3: Edit a current record " << endl;
        cout << "4: Exit the program " << endl;
        cout << endl;
        cout << "Enter a command 1-4: ";

        getline(cin , line);


        int rValue = checkCommand(line);
        if (rValue == 1)
        {
            cout << "You've entered a invalid command! Try Again." << endl;
        } else if (rValue == 2){ 
            cout << "Error calling command!" << endl;
        } else if (!rValue) {
            break;
        }
    }


    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

int checkCommand (string line)
{
    int intReturn = atoi(line.c_str());
    int status = 3;

    switch (intReturn)
    {
        case 1:
            break;
        case 2:
            break;
        case 3:
            break;
        case 4:
            status = 0;
            break;
        default:
            status = 1;
            break;
    }
    return status;
}

template<typename T>
void writeVector(ofstream &out, const vector<T> &vec)
{
    out << vec.size();

    for(vector<T>::const_iterator i = vec.begin(); i != vec.end(); i++)
    {
        out << *i;
    }
}

ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &strm, const InventoryItem &i) {
  return strm << i.Item << " (" << i.Description << ")";
}


template<typename T>
vector<T> readVector(ifstream &in)
{
    size_t size;
    in >> size;

    vector<T> vec;
    vec.reserve(size);

    for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        T tmp;
        in >> tmp;
        vec.push_back(tmp);
    }

    return vec;
}

编译器错误:

1>------ Build started: Project: Project 5, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>Compiling...
1>Project 5.cpp
1>.\Project 5.cpp(124) : warning C4018: '<' : signed/unsigned mismatch
1>        .\Project 5.cpp(40) : see reference to function template instantiation 'std::vector<_Ty> readVector<InventoryItem>(std::ifstream &)' being compiled
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Ty=InventoryItem
1>        ]
1>.\Project 5.cpp(127) : error C2679: binary '>>' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'InventoryItem' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(1144): could be 'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator >><std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char *)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(1146): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator >><std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(1148): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator >><std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char *)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(1150): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator >><std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(155): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &(__cdecl *)(std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &))'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(161): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(std::basic_ios<_Elem,_Traits> &(__cdecl *)(std::basic_ios<_Elem,_Traits> &))'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(168): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(std::ios_base &(__cdecl *)(std::ios_base &))'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(175): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(std::_Bool &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(194): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(short &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(228): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(unsigned short &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(247): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(int &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(273): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(unsigned int &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(291): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(long &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(309): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(__w64 unsigned long &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(329): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(__int64 &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(348): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(unsigned __int64 &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(367): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(float &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(386): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(double &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(404): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(long double &)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(422): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(void *&)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\istream(441): or       'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits>::operator >>(std::basic_streambuf<_Elem,_Traits> *)'
1>        with
1>        [
1>            _Elem=char,
1>            _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>        ]
1>        while trying to match the argument list '(std::ifstream, InventoryItem)'
1>Build log was saved at "file://c:\Users\Owner\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\Project 5\Project 5\Debug\BuildLog.htm"
1>Project 5 - 1 error(s), 1 warning(s)
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

我的天啊...我认为我修复了那个错误，现在我又遇到了另一个错误。你能不能也帮我解决这个问题!这到底是什么意思？？

Answer 1

readVector( in ); // error C2783

这应该是:

readVector<InventoryItem>( in ); 

参数依赖查找无助于推导模板，因此需要明确的规范。

in >> tmp;

这一行要求你有一个像这样的函数:

istream& operator>>(ostream& is, InventoryItem& item) {
    // parse and read in the data to item
    return is;
}

输入定义(我认为 strager 在您的其他问题中提供了这个)。