c++ - 用于自定义容器的 STL 兼容迭代器

Question

我有一个自定义容器，我已经使用了多年，没有出现任何问题。最近我发现如果我为我的容器定义迭代器，我可以有效地使用 <algorithm> 中定义的所有算法。 .不仅如此，似乎thrust library (基本上认为 Nvidia GPU 的 STL 的 CUDA 版本)大量使用迭代器，我希望通过使用它们我也能够使用该库。

无论如何，由于这是我第一次尝试编写自己的迭代器，我想我在这里发布我所拥有的内容以寻求进一步的帮助并确保我所做的事情是正确的。所以，我写了一个小数组类，它同时支持 iterator和 const_iterator类。我用一堆不同的 STL 算法来运行我的类(class)，并且似乎都运行良好，但这并不一定意味着我已经做对了!特别是，我的迭代器是否有任何我想念的运算符？ 我是否定义了额外的不必要的？此外，由于大部分 iterator和 const_iterator看起来很相似，有没有办法防止重复？

我愿意接受建议和改进:)

实时示例:http://ideone.com/7YdiQY

#include <cstddef>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>

template<typename T>
class my_array{
    T* data_;
    std::size_t size_;

public:

    // ---------------------------------
    // Forward declaration
    // ---------------------------------
    class const_iterator;

    // ---------------------------------
    // iterator class
    // ---------------------------------
    class iterator: public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, T>
    {
    public:
        iterator(): p_(NULL) {}
        iterator(T* p): p_(p) {}
        iterator(const iterator& other): p_(other.p_) {}
        const iterator& operator=(const iterator& other) {p_ = other.p_; return other;}

        iterator& operator++()    {p_++; return *this;} // prefix++
        iterator  operator++(int) {iterator tmp(*this); ++(*this); return tmp;} // postfix++
        iterator& operator--()    {p_--; return *this;} // prefix--
        iterator  operator--(int) {iterator tmp(*this); --(*this); return tmp;} // postfix--

        void     operator+=(const std::size_t& n)  {p_ += n;}
        void     operator+=(const iterator& other) {p_ += other.p_;}
        iterator operator+ (const std::size_t& n)  {iterator tmp(*this); tmp += n; return tmp;}
        iterator operator+ (const iterator& other) {iterator tmp(*this); tmp += other; return tmp;}

        void        operator-=(const std::size_t& n)  {p_ -= n;}
        void        operator-=(const iterator& other) {p_ -= other.p_;}
        iterator    operator- (const std::size_t& n)  {iterator tmp(*this); tmp -= n; return tmp;}
        std::size_t operator- (const iterator& other) {return p_ - other.p_;}

        bool operator< (const iterator& other) {return (p_-other.p_)< 0;}
        bool operator<=(const iterator& other) {return (p_-other.p_)<=0;}
        bool operator> (const iterator& other) {return (p_-other.p_)> 0;}
        bool operator>=(const iterator& other) {return (p_-other.p_)>=0;}
        bool operator==(const iterator& other) {return  p_ == other.p_; }
        bool operator!=(const iterator& other) {return  p_ != other.p_; }

        T& operator[](const int& n) {return *(p_+n);}
        T& operator*() {return *p_;}
        T* operator->(){return  p_;}

    private:
        T* p_;

        friend class const_iterator;
    };

    // ---------------------------------
    // const_iterator class
    // ---------------------------------
    class const_iterator: public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, T>
    {
    public:
        const_iterator(): p_(NULL) {}
        const_iterator(const T* p): p_(p) {}
        const_iterator(const iterator& other): p_(other.p_) {}
        const_iterator(const const_iterator& other): p_(other.p_) {}
        const const_iterator& operator=(const const_iterator& other) {p_ = other.p_; return other;}
        const const_iterator& operator=(const iterator& other) {p_ = other.p_; return other;}

        const_iterator& operator++()    {p_++; return *this;} // prefix++
        const_iterator  operator++(int) {const_iterator tmp(*this); ++(*this); return tmp;} // postfix++
        const_iterator& operator--()    {p_--; return *this;} // prefix--
        const_iterator  operator--(int) {const_iterator tmp(*this); --(*this); return tmp;} // postfix--

        void           operator+=(const std::size_t& n)              {p_ += n;}
        void           operator+=(const const_iterator& other)       {p_ += other.p_;}
        const_iterator operator+ (const std::size_t& n)        const {const_iterator tmp(*this); tmp += n; return tmp;}
        const_iterator operator+ (const const_iterator& other) const {const_iterator tmp(*this); tmp += other; return tmp;}

        void           operator-=(const std::size_t& n)              {p_ -= n;}
        void           operator-=(const const_iterator& other)       {p_ -= other.p_;}
        const_iterator operator- (const std::size_t& n)        const {const_iterator tmp(*this); tmp -= n; return tmp;}
        std::size_t    operator- (const const_iterator& other) const {return p_ - other.p_;}

        bool operator< (const const_iterator& other) const {return (p_-other.p_)< 0;}
        bool operator<=(const const_iterator& other) const {return (p_-other.p_)<=0;}
        bool operator> (const const_iterator& other) const {return (p_-other.p_)> 0;}
        bool operator>=(const const_iterator& other) const {return (p_-other.p_)>=0;}
        bool operator==(const const_iterator& other) const {return  p_ == other.p_; }
        bool operator!=(const const_iterator& other) const {return  p_ != other.p_; }

        const T& operator[](const int& n) const {return *(p_+n);}
        const T& operator*()  const {return *p_;}
        const T* operator->() const {return  p_;}

    private:
        const T* p_;
    };

    my_array()
        : data_(NULL), size_(0)
    {}
    my_array(std::size_t size)
        : data_(new T[size]), size_(size)
    {}
    my_array(const my_array<T>& other){
        size_ = other.size_;
        data_ = new T[size_];
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i<size_; i++)
            data_[i] = other.data_[i];
    }
    my_array(const const_iterator& first, const const_iterator& last){
        size_ = last - first;
        data_ = new T[size_];

        for (std::size_t i = 0; i<size_; i++)
            data_[i] = first[i];
    }

    ~my_array(){
        delete [] data_;
    }
    const my_array<T>& operator=(const my_array<T>& other){
        size_ = other.size_;
        data_ = new T[size_];
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i<size_; i++)
            data_[i] = other.data_[i];
        return other;
    }
    const T& operator[](std::size_t idx) const {return data_[idx];}
    T& operator[](std::size_t& idx) {return data_[idx];}
    std::size_t size(){return size_;}

    iterator begin(){ return iterator(data_); }
    iterator end()  { return iterator(data_+size_); }
    const_iterator begin() const{ return const_iterator(data_); }
    const_iterator end() const  { return const_iterator(data_+size_);}
};

template<typename T>
void print(T t) {
    std::cout << t << std::endl;
}

int main(){

    // works!
    int list [] = {1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 3, 5, 10, 10};
    my_array<int> a(list, list+sizeof(list)/sizeof(int));

    // works!
    for (my_array<int>::const_iterator it = a.begin(), end = a.end();
         it != end; ++it)
        std::cout << ' ' << *it;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // works!
    std::for_each(a.begin(), a.end(), print<int>);
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // works!
    my_array<int> b(a.size());
    std::copy(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin());

    // works!
    my_array<int>::iterator end = std::remove(a.begin(), a.end(), 5);
    std::for_each(a.begin(), end, print<int>);
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // works!
    std::random_shuffle(a.begin(), end);
    std::for_each(a.begin(), end, print<int>);
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // works!
    std::cout << "Counts of 3 in array = " << std::count(a.begin(), end, 3) << std::endl << std::endl;

    // works!
    std::sort(a.begin(), end);
    std::for_each(a.begin(), end, print<int>);
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // works!
    if (!std::binary_search(a.begin(), a.end(), 5))
        std::cout << "Removed!" << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

boost iterator提供了一个框架来创建符合 STL 的迭代器并适应现有的迭代器。

它允许您专注于功能并为您生成所有必要的特征和类型定义。

iterator 和 const_iterator 的创建也支持无需大量重复代码。