我正在通过在线类(class)进行“类(class)简介”练习。目标是创建一个用两个数字初始化的 Calculator
类。然后可以对这些数字进行加、减、乘、除运算。我的代码在本地环境中似乎可以正常工作:
class Calculator
def initialize(x,y)
@x, @y = x, y
end
def self.description
"Performs basic mathematical operations"
end
def add
@x + @y
end
def subtract
@x - @y
end
def multiply
@x * @y
end
def divide
@x.to_f/@y.to_f
end
end
但是该网站有 Rspec 规范:
describe "Calculator" do
describe "description" do
it "returns a description string" do
Calculator.description.should == "Performs basic mathematical operations"
end
end
describe "instance methods" do
before { @calc = Calculator.new(7, 2) }
describe "initialize" do
it "takes two numbers" do
expect( @calc.x ).to eq(7)
expect( @calc.y ).to eq(2)
end
end
describe "add" do
it "adds the two numbers" do
expect( @calc.add ).to eq(9)
end
end
describe "subtract" do
it "subtracts the second from the first" do
expect( @calc.subtract ).to eq(5)
end
end
describe "multiply" do
it "should return a standard number of axles for any car" do
expect( @calc.multiply ).to eq(14)
end
end
describe "divide" do
it "divides the numbers, returning a 'Float' if appropriate" do
expect( @calc.divide ).to eq(3.5)
end
end
end
end
并且该网站的规范抛出 NoMethodError:
NoMethodError
undefined method `x' for #<Calculator:0x007feb61460b00 @x=7, @y=2>
exercise_spec.rb:14:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
最佳答案
只需添加这一行
attr_reader :x, :y
这是更正后的代码:
class Calculator
attr_reader :x, :y
def initialize(x,y)
@x, @y = x, y
end
def self.description
"Performs basic mathematical operations"
end
def add
# once you defined reader method as above you can simple use x to get the
# value of @x. Same is true for only y instead of @y.
x + y
end
def subtract
x - y
end
def multiply
x * y
end
def divide
x.to_f/y.to_f
end
end
查看下面的规范代码:-
describe "initialize" do
it "takes two numbers" do
expect( @calc.x ).to eq(7)
expect( @calc.y ).to eq(2)
end
#...
您正在调用 @calc.x
和 @calc.y
。但是您没有将任何名为 #x
和 #y
的方法定义为类 Calculator
中的实例方法。这就是为什么您得到非常明确的异常 NoMethod 错误
。
当您编写 attr_reader :x, :y
时,它会在内部为您创建这些方法。阅读此answer了解 Ruby 中的 reader 和 writer 方法。
关于ruby - 类初始化时出现 NoMethodError Ruby,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26162375/