ruby-on-rails - rails : switch connection on each request but keep a connection pool

标签 ruby-on-rails ruby activerecord

在我们的 Rails 应用程序中,我们需要根据请求的子域使用不同的数据库(每个国家/地区使用不同的数据库)。

现在我们正在做类似于 this question 中推荐的事情.也就是说,在每个请求上调用 ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection

但是it seems ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection 删除当前连接池并在每次调用时建立一个新连接。

我做了这个快速基准测试,看看每次调用 establish_connection 和已经建立连接之间是否有任何显着差异:

require 'benchmark/ips'

$config = Rails.configuration.database_configuration[Rails.env]
$db1_config = $config.dup.update('database' => 'db1')
$db2_config = $config.dup.update('database' => 'db2')

# Method 1: call establish_connection on each "request".
Benchmark.ips do |r|
  r.report('establish_connection:') do
    # Simulate two requests, one for each DB.
    ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection($db1_config)
    MyModel.count # A little query to force the DB connection to establish.
    ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection($db2_config)
    MyModel.count
  end
end

# Method 2: Have different subclasses of my models, one for each DB, and 
# call establish_connection only once
class MyModelDb1 < MyModel
  establish_connection($db1_config)
end

class MyModelDb2 < MyModel
  establish_connection($db2_config)
end

Benchmark.ips do |r|
  r.report('different models:') do
    MyModelDb1.count
    MyModelDb2.count
  end
end

我用 rails runner 运行这个脚本,并指向一个本地 mysql,在 DB 上有几千条记录,结果似乎表明实际上存在很大差异(订单两种方法之间的数量级)(顺便说一句,我不确定基准是否有效或我搞砸了,因此结果具有误导性):

Calculating -------------------------------------
establish_connection: 8 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
establish_connection: 117.9 (±26.3%) i/s -        544 in   5.001575s
Calculating -------------------------------------
    different models:  119 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
    different models:  1299.4 (±22.1%) i/s -       6188 in   5.039483s

所以,基本上,我想知道是否有一种方法可以为每个子域维护一个连接池,然后重新使用这些连接而不是在每个请求上建立一个新连接。为每个子域创建我的模型的子类是不可行的,因为有很多模型;我只想更改所有模型的连接(在 ActiveRecord::Base 中)

最佳答案

好吧,我一直在深入研究这个问题,并设法让一些东西起作用。

看完tenderlove's post关于 ActiveRecord 中的连接管理,它解释了类层次结构如何与连接管理不必要地耦合,我理解了为什么我正在尝试做的事情不像人们预期的那么简单。

我最终做的是子类化 ActiveRecord 的 ConnectionHandler并在我的模型层次结构的顶部使用那个新的连接处理程序(需要对 ConnectionHandler code 进行一些摆弄以了解它在内部是如何工作的;所以当然这个解决方案可能与我正在使用的 Rails 版本密切相关(3.2 )).像这样的东西:

# A model class that connects to a different DB depending on the subdomain 
# we're in
class ModelBase < ActiveRecord::Base
  self.abstract_class = true
  self.connection_handler = CustomConnectionHandler.new
end

# ...

class CustomConnectionHandler < ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler
  def initialize
    super
    @pools_by_subdomain = {}
  end

  # Override the behaviour of ActiveRecord's ConnectionHandler to return a
  # connection pool for the current domain.
  def retrieve_connection_pool(klass)
    # Get current subdomain somehow (Maybe store it in a class variable on 
    # each request or whatever)
    subdomain = @@subdomain
    @pools_by_subdomain[subdomain] ||= create_pool(subdomain)
  end

  private
  def create_pool(subdomain)
    conf = Rails.configuration.database_configuration[Rails.env].dup
    # The name of the DB for that subdomain...
    conf.update!('database' => "db_#{subdomain}")
    resolver = ActiveRecord::Base::ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(conf, nil)
    # Call ConnectionHandler#establish_connection, which receives a key 
    # (in this case the subdomain) for the new connection pool
    establish_connection(subdomain, resolver.spec)
  end
end

这仍然需要一些测试来检查是否确实有性能提升,但我在本地 Unicorn 服务器上运行的初始测试表明有。

关于ruby-on-rails - rails : switch connection on each request but keep a connection pool,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16775795/

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