python - 在 Python 3 中使用 XPath 解析 XML

Question

我有以下 xml:

<document>
  <internal-code code="201">
    <internal-desc>Biscuits Wrapped</internal-desc>
    <top-grouping>Finished</top-grouping>
    <web-category>Biscuits</web-category>
    <web-sub-category>Biscuits (Wrapped)</web-sub-category>
  </internal-code>
  <internal-code code="202">
    <internal-desc>Biscuits Sweet</internal-desc>
    <top-grouping>Finished</top-grouping>
    <web-category>Biscuits</web-category>
    <web-sub-category>Biscuits (Sweets)</web-sub-category>
  </internal-code>
  <internal-code code="221">
    <internal-desc>Biscuits Savoury</internal-desc>
    <top-grouping>Finished</top-grouping>
    <web-category>Biscuits</web-category>
    <web-sub-category>Biscuits For Cheese</web-sub-category>
  </internal-code>
  ....
</document>

我已经使用这段代码将它加载到树中:

try:
  groups = etree.parse(PRODUCT_GROUPS_XML_FILEPATH)
  root = groups.getroot()
  internalGroup = root.findall("./internal-code")
  LOG.append("[INFO] product groupings file loaded and parsed ok")
except Exception as e:
  LOG.append("[ERROR] PRODUCT GROUPINGS XML FILE ACCESS PROBLEM")
  LOG.append("[***TERMINATED***]")
  writelog()
  exit()

我想使用 XPath 找到正确的然后能够访问该组的子节点。因此，如果我正在搜索内部代码 221 并想要网络类别，我会执行如下操作:

internalGroup.find("internal-code", 221).get("web-category").text

我没有使用 XML 和 Python 的经验，而且我已经盯着这个看很久了。非常感谢收到所有帮助。谢谢

Answer 1

根据 xml.etree.ElementTree文档:

XPath support

This module provides limited support for XPath expressions for locating elements in a tree. The goal is to support a small subset of the abbreviated syntax; a full XPath engine is outside the scope of the module.

使用lxml :

>>> import lxml.etree as ET
>>>
>>> s = '''
... <document>
...   <internal-code code="201">
...     <internal-desc>Biscuits Wrapped</internal-desc>
...     <top-grouping>Finished</top-grouping>
...     <web-category>Biscuits</web-category>
...     <web-sub-category>Biscuits (Wrapped)</web-sub-category>
...   </internal-code>
...   <internal-code code="202">
...     <internal-desc>Biscuits Sweet</internal-desc>
...     <top-grouping>Finished</top-grouping>
...     <web-category>Biscuits</web-category>
...     <web-sub-category>Biscuits (Sweets)</web-sub-category>
...   </internal-code>
...   <internal-code code="221">
...     <internal-desc>Biscuits Savoury</internal-desc>
...     <top-grouping>Finished</top-grouping>
...     <web-category>Biscuits</web-category>
...     <web-sub-category>Biscuits For Cheese</web-sub-category>
...   </internal-code>
... </document>
... '''
>>>
>>> root = ET.fromstring(s)
>>> for text in root.xpath('.//internal-code[@code="221"]/web-category/text()'):
...     print(text)
...
Biscuits